MBG 2040 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Zygosity, Protein, Phenotype
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
MBG 2040
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
MBG2040 Lecture 1: Introduction and Review
Sept. 7, 2018
Review: Basic Principles of Mendelian Genetics
•Define, reorganize, describe and apply Mendel’s first principle
•Distinguish genotype and phenotype
•Solve genetic problems relating to monohybrid crosses
•Interpret pedigrees
•Assess mode of inheritance
•Assign genotypes
•Use the rules of probability to determine genotypic and phenotypic proportions
Why Study Genes?
•Genetics plays a critical role in understanding disease
•Genetics improve agricultural practices
•Genetics used biotechnology industry for drug design, development and production
Fundamental Concepts Review
•A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity
•Genes come in multiple forms called alleles
•Genotype covers phenotype
•Genetic information is carried in DNA
•Genes are located on chromosomes
•Genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA to protein
Genetic Terminology
•Gene: A genetic factor (region of DNA) that helps determine a characteristic
•Allele: one of two or more alternative forms of a gene
•Locus: specific place on a chromosome occupied by an allele
•Genotype: set of alleles possessed by an individual organism
•Heterozygote: an individual organism possessing two different alleles at a locus
•Homozygote: an individual organism possessing two of the same alleles at a locus
•Phenotype/trait: the appearance of manifestation of a character
Basic Principles of Hereditary
•Gregor Johann Mendel discovered basic principles of heredity
Monohybrid Cross
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Dihybrid Cross
Pedigree Symbols
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Why study genes: genetics plays a critical role in understanding disease, genetics improve agricultural practices, genetics used biotechnology industry for drug design, development and production. Basic principles of hereditary: gregor johann mendel discovered basic principles of heredity. Pedigree assumptions: if the trait is rare and autosomal recessive than individuals who marry/mate into the pedigree are not carriers but are homozygous dominant for the normal" allele unless there is evidence to the contrary. A nonfunctional protein is produced or: 2. No protein is produced: hylomorphic alleles, 1. A poorly functional protein is produced or: 2. Reduced amounts of a normally functioning protein is produced. Incomplete dominance (semi-dominance/partial dominance: example with snapdragons, red snap dragon x white snapdragon. Codominance abo blood phenotype: gene i encodes transferase enzyme, three alleles: i^a, i^b, i. I^b encodes a transferase which adds galactose i encodes a non-functional transferase: nothing at the surface.
