Chapter 14: the techniques of molecular genetics. Basic techniques used to identify, amplify, and clone genes: The discovery of restriction enzymes. The production of recombinant dna molecules in vitro. Cloning large genes and segments of genomes in bacs, pacs and yacs. Construction and screening of dna libraries. Screening dna libraries for genes of interest. The molecular analysis of dna, rna and protein. Analysis of dnas by southern blot hybridizations. Analysis of rnas by northern blot hybridizations. Analysis of proteins by western blot techniques (not covered in lecture) The molecular analysis of genes and chromosomes. Nucleotide sequences of genes and chromosomes: basic techniques used to identify, amplify, and clone genes: Dna ~3,000 bp long within a genome containing 3,000,000,000 bp?) Cut the genome up into small pieces (restriction enzymes) Identify and isolate the fragment containing the dna of interest (screening) Make many copies of this fragment (cloning vectors - > recombinant dna) Amplification of recombinant dna molecules in cloning vectors.