NUTR 3210 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Gluconeogenesis, Chylomicron, Nutraceutical

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28 Oct 2015

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Make sure the colour of your examination booklet and score sheet are the same. Using a pencil, fill in the most appropriate response to each question, on the score sheet. Make sure your name and student number is on both the examination booklet and the score sheet. Hand in both the computer score sheet and the examination booklet. A monosaccharide has the following structure as a fisher projection. It would be named: d-glucose, l-glucose, d-xylose, d-fructose. The sugar in question 1 above, has how many chiral carbons: 3, 4, 5, 2. The sugar in question 1 above has how many stereoisomers: 2, 4, 6, 8. 1: a disaccharide has the following haworth model. It would be named: gal ( 1 4)glc, gal ( 1 4)glc, -amylopectin, sucrose. The ether extract is dried and weighs 27g. Therefore this food contains: 4% crude protein, 25% crude protein, 4% crude fat, 25% crude fat.

Related Questions

I need help for my lab report please. It's only a-e Questions for study that I need help with, so any help or advice will be greatly appreciated! Underneath is more info on the lab if needed. Thank you!

Question for Study

1. A student performed this lab exercise, generating the following data:

Mass of H5IO6 used: 1.2320 g

Volume of thiosulfate used in blank titration: 47.93 mL

Volume of thiosulfate used in the unknown titration: 39.23 mL

a. What is the concentration of the sodium thiosulfate solution?

b. How many mmol of I3 â were present in the blank titration?

c. How many mmol of I3 â were present in the unknown titration?

d. How many mmol of glycol were present in the unknown titration?

e. What mass of ethylene glycol should be reported?

Introduction

The chemical analysis of organic compounds often presents major experimental difficulties. An accurate analysis depends upon the sample undergoing a single, well-defined reaction which quickly goes to completion. Often, organic compounds undergo several different reactions at the same time, and reaction rates are sometimes quite slow.

A functional-group analysis is one in which a particular grouping of atoms in a compound is made to react in a specific well-defined way with a particular reagent.1 In this experiment use is made of the reaction between an oxidizing reagent and an organic compound with the functional group COH-COH.

Analysis of Ethylene Glycol

Ethylene glycol reacts with periodate ion to form formaldehyde and iodate:

+ ð¼ð4 â â 2 ð»2ð¶ð +ð¼ð3 â + ð»2ð (8-1)

This oxidation-reduction reaction will proceed to completion with negligible side reactions under the appropriate set of conditions. The reaction is slow, but increases with increasing concentration of periodate. Here a known, fixed amount of periodate in excess of that needed to completely react with the glycol is added to the unknown. After the glycol has reacted, an excess of iodide is added to the solution. The iodide reacts with unreacted periodate according to:

ð¼ð4 â + 11 ð¼ â + 8 ð» + â 4 ð¼3 â +4 ð»2ð (8-2)

The iodide also reacts with the iodate produced in reaction 8-1 according to:

ð¼ð3 â + 8 ð¼ â + 6 ð» + â 3 ð¼3 â + 3 ð»2ð (8-3)

The triiodide produced in these reactions is then determined by titration with thiosulfate:

ð¼3 â +2 ð2ð3 2â â 3 ð¼ â + ð4ð6 2â (8-4)

To find the glycol content, a blank solution containing the same fixed amount of periodate but no glycol is treated similarly. The difference in the number of moles of ð¼3 â produced in the blank solution, and that produced in the sample solution, is equal to the number of moles of glycol in the sample solution.

Procedure

1. Prepare a solution from your unknown: a. Your unknown may have recently been refrigerated â make sure it is at room temperature before use. b. Transfer the vial contents quantitatively to a 250 mL volumetric flask. c. Dilute to volume with water and mix well.

2. Prepare a Periodic Acid standard solution (pronounced âpurr-eye-oh-dic acidâ): a. Weigh out 1.16-1.24 g of H5IO6 on an analytical balance. Periodic acid is very corrosive â to your skin and to metals. Do not spill any on the analytical balances. b. Quantitatively transfer the solid to a 100 mL volumetric flask, and dilute to volume with water.

3. Prepare a sodium thiosulfate solution: a. Weigh ~11.2 g of sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate. b. Transfer the solid to a 1L Pyrex bottle and dilute to 500 mL to produce an approximately 0.09 M solution. c. Add 0.10 g Na2CO3 and swirl to mix well.

4. Prepare a ~0.5 M solution of sulfuric acid: a. In a beaker (250 or 400 mL), combine 25 mL of 3 M sulfuric acid and 125 mL of water. Mix. Remember: âAcid Into Waterâ. What glassware is appropriate to measure these volumes?

5. Prepare samples for titration: a. Pipet 20 mL of your diluted unknown and 10 mL of the periodic acid solution into a 250 mL conical flask and swirl to mix. b. Wait a minimum of 45 minutes to allow complete reaction before titrating. Do the blank titrations while you wait! c. Prepare a total of 3 samples in this way.

6. Perform the sample titrations: a. Add ~1.5 g of KI to your conical flask and swirl to dissolve. b. Add 10 mL of your 0.5 M sulfuric acid (use a graduated cylinder). c. Titrate from a dark red initial colour to the first change to yellow. d. Add 2.0 mL of thiodene indicator solution. The solution will become a dark grey/violet colour. e. Finish the titration (fractional drops) to a sharp disappearance of the violet colour. 7. Perform the blank titrations: a. Pipet 10 mL of periodic acid solution into a 250 mL conical flask. b. Add 20 mL of water with a graduated cylinder. c. Add reagents and perform the titration as in Step 6 above. Calculations Report the total mass (in mg) of ethylene glycol in your unknown.

Lab Topic 1: The Process of Science

Introduction

1. Which of the following questions would you consider appropriate scientific questions that can be tested using the scientific method? For the statements that can be tested using the scientific method, explain how your experiment would be set up. Explain the different steps in the scientific method as they relate to this statement.

a. Does the pH of the soil affect the color of hydrangea flowers?

b. What properties of the soil influence the color of hydrangea flowers?

c. Do hydrangeas look more beautiful when grown in the right soil?

d. Was The Day After Tomorrow a better movie than Terminator?

e. Does grass require fertilizer in order to grow?

2. Read this hypothesis and answer the questions below:

Plants kept closer to windows grow larger than plants kept several feet away from windows.

a. Indicate the dependent variable:

b. Indicate the independent variable:

c. List 3 other variables that must be kept constant in this experiment (the control variables).

d. Write a prediction based on the above hypothesis.

Exercise 1.1

Take a Deep Breath

Students will need to take a picture of themselves or their group walking up and down on the step or doing other exercise. Include a note with your name and date on an index card in the picture. Insert picture here:

1. Identify the following in the experimental design. You will need to refer to the protocol to answer this question.

a. Independent variable:

b. Dependent variable:

c. Experimental dataset:

d. Control dataset:

e. Hypothesis:

2. Fill in the data for each individual in your group for the Breath experiment.

	Length of time breath can be held (seconds)
Individual Tested	Resting	After 1 minutes of exercise	After 5 minutes of exercise




Average (take the average for each column)

3. Look at the averages for all individuals in your group. Was the hypothesis you stated in the previous question supported by the âaverage dataâ? Explain your answer!!!

4. Now look at the data for each individual separately. Was there data for anyone in your group that did not support the hypothesis? If yes, explain whythis could be.

5. How many replicates did your group have?________________ Why is it good to have more than one replicate?

Exercise 1.2

Letâs Graph

In this exercise, you will be graphing the data that you collected in exercise 1.1.

1. In exercise 1.1, you identified the independent and dependent variables. Which one goes on the X axis of the graph and which goes on the Y axis?

2. Will you make a line or a bar graph of your data? Explain why you chose this type of graph.

3. You will need to use excel to generate a graph of your data. On this graph, you will need to label the title, independent variable, dependent variable and possibly the legend. You will need to select an appropriate scale so the data is spread out on the graph.

*Consult with your instructor to see how he/she would like for you to submit your graph. You might work on it in class and submit it through D2L or you might submit it at a different time. If you are taking the online version of the class, you will need to use Excel or word to make the graph.

Exercise 1.3

You will need to get the data under exercise 1.3 in the protocol sheet to complete these sections.

1. What is the dependent variable?

2. What is the independent variable?

3. Which, if any, of these individuals has diabetes? ___A or B ___?

4. What data do you have to support your hypothesis?

5. Construct a graph showing the time after eating each group had the greatest blood glucose levels.

Staying Alive in Tough Economic Times

Going broke is an idea that any business hates to think about. However, if you are going to go broke in the United States, it helps to be a large, established company. For example, after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, the government stepped in and saved major air carriers like American and United. More recently quasi-government agencies like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac received money from the government to stay afloat despite poor practices in the mortgage business. Banks that risked capital on risky investments like derivatives and credit swaps were also beneficiaries of the federal governmentâs largesse. Even automakers whose managers misjudged the market were propped up by government dollars. Which leads us to the question, âWhat if small-business owners run out of cash?â

The simple answer is, itâs goodbye to the business. Thatâs why having enough cash on hand (liquidity) is especially critical for entrepreneurs during economic tough times. Unfortunately, this is no simple task. Liquidity for small companies can change almost immediately due to some unexpected event such as a major customer going out of business or perhaps an unexpected natural catastrophe like a flood. Experts agree that keeping enough liquid assets (like cash and cash equivalents like bonds) to fund the next six months is a good rule of thumb. If you keep a reserve of liquid assets, you have time to work on a remedy if a crisis hits rather than having to close your doors.

Accountants and financial managers also advise small businesses to be particularly aware of three ratios to make sure the business is liquid enough to survive: current ratio, quick ratio, and the debt-to-equity ratio.

Current ratio: current assets divided by current liabilities. Most bankers like the ratio to be at least 2:1.

Quick ratio: cash and receivables divided by current liabilities. This ratio addresses the scary question of whether or not a company can meet its obligations if sales suddenly fall or dry up. A ratio greater than 1:1 is often acceptable.

Debt-to-equity ratio: total liabilities divided by shareholders equity. The higher this ratio is the less likely bankers can deal with you. A ratio below 3:1 is often considered safe for small businesses.

Locating corporate annual reports is easier than it has ever been. AnnualReports.com (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. hosts a website (www.annualreports.com/ (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.)[i] containing annual reports for hundreds of corporations. The site is comprehensive and easy to use. You can also find publicly traded companies Annual Report on their websites, usually under "Investor Information".

Go to the website (www.annualreports.com/ (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. ) and choose one company to research. Use the information given in this report to answer the following questions. (Sometimes the Web address for a location changes. You might need to search to find the exact location mentioned.)

1. What is the name of the company?

2. What is the financial year?

3. Calculate the three financial ratios discussed above and listed below and the additional calculations below. Show your work for the ratios. Provide a link to the Annual Report or source you used for the financial information.

a. What is the current ratio?

b. What is the quick ratio?

c. What is the debt-to-equity ratio?

d. On their Balance Sheet, find their Total Assets. What is the total?

e. On their Balance Sheet, find their Total Liabilities. What is the total?

f. On their Income Statement, find their Total Revenues. What is the total?

g. On their Income Statement, find their Total Income. What is the total?

4. Reflect on these calculations. What do they tell you?

NUTR 3210 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Gluconeogenesis, Chylomicron, Nutraceutical

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