PSYC 3030 Study Guide - Final Guide: Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate, Pharmacodynamics, Classical Conditioning
12 Dec 2016
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Have a distinct chemical structure, slight modifications cause changes in pharmacological effects. Heroin: morphine plus two acetyl groups, more lipid soluble, more potent when injected, converted to morphine in the brain, faster acting. Codeine-. 5%, substitutes methyl group for a hydroxy group (-oh) Pure agonist: high affinity, no efficacy; naloxone and nalorphine. Partial agonist: high affinity, low efficacy, reduces the action of more affective drugs. Acute physiological and behavioural effects of opiates and opioids. Dependent on the route of administration and individual characteristics. Analgesia, relaxation, muscle relaxation, constriction of pupils, hypothermia, pruritus (itching), suppression of cough reflex, decreased respiration. Decreased gi motility and secretions, nausea and vomiting. State of elation/euphoria (rush) is a powerful reinforcer. Inhaled or injected, rapid access to the brain. Receptor binding studies demonstrated the existence of opioid receptors that displayed high affinity for the ligand, as well as saturation with dose ranges meaningfully related to the concentration of agonists necessary to elicit a physiological response.
