SOC 2070 Study Guide - Final Guide: Edwin Sutherland, Labeling Theory, Mechanical And Organic Solidarity

• School: University of Guelph
• Department: Sociology
• Course: SOC 2070
• Professor: Patrick Parnaby

Document Summary

Exam review: nothing is inherently deviant, no quality itself that makes it deviant, we attach meaning to it and create deviance. Spiritual theories: should be considered objective, people still think like this and it closes down rational/ scientific discussion, undermines insight into human condition. Individualizes solutions, deflects attention away from social causes. Emile durkheim (1857-1917: functionalism and the social system, less about the individual, deviance as functional. Reduces social tensions: mechanical vs. organic solidarity. Robert merton (1938: social structure and anomie, functionalist logic, anomie and social systems, cultural structure vs. opportunity, know the forms of adaptation, critiques: Edwin sutherland: how do people learn to deviate, differential association. Varies in frequency, duration, priority, intensity: deviance is learned. Sykes and matza techniques of neutralization: subculture/ culture overlap, neutralization of guilt, (cid:862)apologeti(cid:272) failu(cid:396)es(cid:863) Travis hirschis control theory (1969: attachment: affection for and sensitivity to others, commitment: rational investment in society (stake in conformity)