BIOL211 Final: BIOL 211 Notes
8 Nov 2016
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Non-amniotes: embryo enclosed by membrane from the mothers reproductive tract. Amniotes: embryo enclosed by membrane produced by the embryo itself. Monotremes: prototherian - mammals that lay eggs. Marsupials: metatherian - mammals that mature in a pouch. Placentals: eutherian - fetus in nourished by a placenta and umbilical chord. Taxonomic classi cation: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. Species: sets or organisms which are similar and can sexually reproduce amongst themselves but separately from other species. Phylogeny: method of determining evolutionary relationships that ignores super cial similarities. Analogous: structure that has the same function yet separate origin. Parallel evolution: similarity in animals due to similar but distant ancestors, adaptations resulted from similar environmental conditions. Convergent evolution: similarity in animals with very different adaptations due to similar environmental conditions. Vertebrate characteristics: brain, spinal chord, cephalization, cranium surrounding the brain, bilateral symmetry, anterior mouth, complete gut, post anal tail, gill slits, coelom, metamerism.
