BIOL303 Study Guide - Final Guide: Lampbrush Chromosome, Germinal Disc, Blastoderm
Document Summary
The lampbrush chromosome is a special type of chromosome found in the growing oocytes of most animals except for mammals. The blastodisc is the non-yolky cytoplasm located at the animal pole that results from pronounced cytoplasmic streaming following fertilization. This is where discoidal meroblastic cleavage divisions will occur. Epiboly is most prominently associated with gastrulation the fish embryo: sketch and label the fish embryo as it initiates gastrulation. The embryonic shield is responsible for the induction of ectoderm to become neural tissue instead of epidermis. This involves the inhibition of bmp, wnt, and nodal signaling. The developing notochord secretes factors (bmp antagonists) to block the induction which allows ectoderm to become neural. Chordamesoderm secretes chordino (similar to chordin in amphiabians) and inactivates bmp28. Nuclei of the yolk syncytial layer beneath cells that will become the embryonic shield accumulate b-catenin. B- catenin forms transcription factor with tcf3 to activate mesoderm patterning genes (squint and.