KIN 210- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 58 pages long!)

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Thalidomide helps with ansomia but babies can be born with no limbs. Rubella virus causes abnormal development (eyes, heart,ears) (glaucome, cataracts) Zika virus kills brain cells in the baby. Exposed fetus develop crs (congenital rubella syndrome: cardiovascular defects, skin rash, deafness mental retardation liver and spleen damage small eyes and head. Rubella vaccine has decreased the incidence of crs. Inhibits angiogenesis sprouting of new blood vessels. Heart defects, incomplete closure of neural tube (anencephaly or spina bifida), cleft lip (fail fusion in face to form lips), cleft palate (failure of fusiion of palatal shelves to meet at midline. Improper placement of opening of urethral (hypospadia), extra fingers (polydactyly), failure of tissues b/w toes (syndactyly) Agents that cause congenital malformations (a structural abnormality with surgical, medical, or cosmetic importance) Maternal health factors (diabetes , mall nutrition: development stage at the time of exposure, dose and duration of exposure, genotype of the embryo, mechanisms of action (ex.