LING 101 Study Guide - Final Guide: Relative Pitch, Noam Chomsky, Acrophony
Document Summary
Ling 101 final exam outline: language vs. family vs. dialect. Family - group of languages sharing single common ancestor. Dialects - varieties of a language that are mutually intelligible. Languages are separate languages when they are mutually unintelligible: prescriptive vs. descriptive grammar. Prescriptive statements make judgements based on no or weak evidence. Descriptive statements describe without judgement, examines change of rules: goals and principles of the ipa, unambiguous sound-system to describe sounds standards for all sounds, language families for english, german, halq"emeylem, chipewyan, akan, and arabic. Afro-asiatic - arabic: historical changes that differentiated germanic branch from older ie. Grimm"s law - historical changes kw > hw t > p > f: historical changes that differentiated modern english from modern german. English phonotactics did not allow word initial /kn/ (knee, knight, knot) /p/ (ship) > /f/ (schiff: distinctive features (a sound feature is distinctive for a language if switching that feature creates distinct sounds) of the english, german,
