BIO 2135 Study Guide - Final Guide: Deuterostome, Proventriculus, Monophyly

QUESTION 5

Dinoflagellates are often regarded negatively because of fishkills associated with red tides, but they are beneficial to somemarine ecosystems because

10 points

QUESTION 6

You are working on a team to characterize a local lake'splankton community. Using a compound microscope, you isolate onespecimen from a water sample. It is unicellular and has aspecialized feeding groove cut into the cell surface. To whatsupergroup does this organism belong?

10 points

QUESTION 7

The group of protists to which you are most closely relatedis

10 points

QUESTION 8

Why are photosynthetic marine algae often not green colored likephotosynthetic terrestrial plants?

Tree hole mosquito experiment
We tested for facultative changes in behavior of an aquatic insect in response to cues from predation and for evolution of prey behavior in response to experimental predation regimes. Larvae of the tree hole mosquito Aedes triseriatus reduced filtering, browsing, and time below the surface in response to water that had held a feeding larva of the predatorToxorhynchites rutilus. We subjected experimental A. triseriatuspopulations to culling of 50% of the larval population, either by T. rutiluspredation or by random removal. After two generations of laboratory culling, behavior of the two treatment groups diverged. Aedes triseriatusin control-culled lines retained their facultative shift from filtering to resting, but tended to lose the response of reduced browsing below the surface in water that had held a feeding predator. Predator-culled lines lost their facultative response of reduced filtering in water that had held a feeding predator and evolved toward more time resting and less time filtering in both water that had held a feeding predator and water that had held only A. triseriatus. Predator-culled lines retained their facultative response of reduced browsing below the surface in water that had held a feeding predator. Two field populations and their reciprocal hybrids responded similarly to cues from predation and did not differ in their evolutionary response to experimental culling. We conclude that consistent presence or absence of predation can select rapidly for divergence in prey behavior, including facultative behavioral responses to predators.

What do the terms filtering, browsing and resting exactly mean?
Please explain what is happening during the 2 generations of laboratory culling?
What are the responses for the treatment group?
How is A. triseriatus affected through predation?
How is T. rutilus affected through predation?

1. An organism with extensive yolk, such as the chick,

A) has incompletecleavage. D)forms a blastoderm but no blastocoel.

B) has yolk evenly distributed in the egg. E) has completecleavage.

C) fails to synthesize DNA duringcleavage.

1. Invagination

A) occurs in sea urchins.

B) forms the archenteron in echinoderms.

C) creates unique positions for new cell interactions.

D) requires unique cell movement.

E) All of the above

1. When the blastopore dorsal lip is grafted from one frog embryoonto a second embryo, the second dorsal lip will

A) change the developmental fate of the surrounding cells.

B) change the polarity of the adjacent segments.

C) cause rapid cell division.

D) block gastrulation.

E) change the prospective potency of the surrounding cells.

1. Gastrulation in birds differs in many ways from gastrulation infrogs. The main feature that both have in common is that

A) the neural tube forms.

B) somites are created.

C) cells from the surface of the blastocyst migrate to form thegut.

D) three germ layers are established.

E) All of the above

1. In humans, the secondary oocyte forms:

1. at ovulation.
2. during telophase I.
3. after fertilization.
4. at birth.
5. all of the above.

1. In Ascaris:

1. The secondary oocyte is fertilized.
2. Two polar bodies are visible when the secondary oocyte is inprophase II.
3. Both a haploid and a diploid nucleus are present in a primaryoocyte during early prophase I.
4. Cell plates are formed during both anaphase I and anaphaseII.
5. No correct answer is given.

1. A gastrula is:

a. an embryo that is younger than a blastula.

b. a stage in development that has three tissue layers.

c. a type of egg that has yolk concentrated at one end of thecell.

d. an opening in the center of an early embryo.

e. something else

1. A human cell containing 22 autosomes and one Y chromosome isa

a. somatic cell of amale b. zygote

c. somatic cell of afemale d. a sperm e. an ovum

1. The spermatogonium is ________ , and the primary spermatocyteis __________ .

a. diploid,haploid b. haploid, diploid

c. haploid,haploid d. diploid,diploid e. triploid, diploid

1. The first cavity formed in the rapidly dividing starfish embryois the:

a. Blastoderm. b. Archenteron.

c. Neural groove. d. Blastocoel. e. Trophoblast.