LIN204H5 Study Guide - Final Guide: Bracket, Infinitive, Free Base
LIN204 CHAPTER 3 REVIEW (part 1)
-Allomorphs are forms that sound different but have the same meanings and grammatical
functions.
-Inflectional morphemes are all suffixes in English.
-Inflectional suffixes don’t change the grammatical function.
-There are 8 inflectional suffixes and NO inflectional prefixes.
-Derivational affixes create NEW words can either change the grammatical CATEGORY
(N—> V’ V—>A) or change the meaning.
-For words that have more than one affix, each affix attaches to a base in a specific order.
We will know what this order is if we analyze the properties of each morpheme in the
word. One piece of information included in the abstract morpheme for an affix is the
category of the word that an affix can attach to. For example, {un-} in the word
"unfriendly" can only attach to adjectives. Thus, it must attach to the adjective "friendly";
it cannot attach to the base "friend", since "friend" is a noun. Therefore, we know that the
suffix {-ly} attaches to the base {friend} first. Then the prefix {un-} can attach to the
adjective that has been created.
-An example of suppletion is in the sentence "John brought flowers to the dinner party."
Recall that suppletion is a highly irregular inflected form of a word. It is so irregular that
it often looks nothing like the basic form of the word. Here, "brought" is a suppletive past
tense form of the verb "bring".
-The standard PAST tense form of the verb “lay” is “laid”, such as in the sentence
"Chantelle laid the tiles in the bathroom all day long yesterday”. In the present tense, the
verb meaning to rest or recline is "lie", and the verb meaning to put something down is
"lay". Since Chantelle is laying something down (the tiles), the choice of verb should be
"lay", not "lie".
-There can be confusion with the past tense forms of these verbs, since the past tense form
of "lie" is "lay", which is homophonous with the present tense form of the verb "lay".
-Homophonous morphemes have the same sound but different meanings.
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Document Summary
Allomorphs are forms that sound different but have the same meanings and grammatical functions. There are 8 inflectional suffixes and no inflectional prefixes. Derivational affixes create new words can either change the grammatical category (n > v" v >a) or change the meaning. For words that have more than one affix, each affix attaches to a base in a specific order. We will know what this order is if we analyze the properties of each morpheme in the word. One piece of information included in the abstract morpheme for an affix is the category of the word that an affix can attach to. Thus, it must attach to the adjective friendly; it cannot attach to the base friend, since friend is a noun. Therefore, we know that the suffix {-ly} attaches to the base {friend} first. Then the prefix {un-} can attach to the adjective that has been created.
