66-100 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Weathering, Sun, Plate Tectonics
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
66-100
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Intro to Geomorphology
Geomorphology – a sujet that deals ith hua’s use of the sufae of the eath hua-land
relationships).
• A siee oeed ith udestadig the eath’s sufae
• Is there water on Mars?
• What we learn on Earth, we apply to other planets and vice versa;
• We can isolate certain elements
• Be able to better manage and conserve our environment
• Landslides are particularly big
• “hould’t e uildig popeties i isky aeas, et.
1. Intro (basic concepts, plate tectonics, etc.)
Tests will be reminded of 2 weeks before (3 tests that are separate on their own), multiple choice,
course material and assignment readings. Web site will show readings. Go to resources for all info.
Mars – planetary geomorphology
See (Mars- delta) slide for reference:
• River delta
• There must have been water there
• If water, there is a chance of life
• Top left: river channel
See (Mars sand dunes) slide for reference:
• No vegetarian to interfere with the wind
• Typical dunes
• Applying the same factors as Earth
Geomorphology – Processes and landforms/landscapes on earth and some moons and planets
Landform – (bottom of valley, top of a mountain) – individual feature that makes UP a landscape (Point
Pelee is a landform that makes up Essex County)
Landscape – entire thing (what something looks like)
What determines the appearance of a landscape/landform?
1. Processes
2. Geology (concentration)
3. Time
1. Processes (river, coastal, wind, glacial): Slowly breaking down to chemicals in the atmosphere
(landslide is a process) – these are driven by energy (if you give someone a hammer and ask them to
chisel away, you need to give them energy) – the sun is the energy (major driver), gravity is also very
important (driving these processes), and less frequently, heat from the Earth (volcanoes for example).
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
• Landscapes:
o Process (climate): You need energy – comes from 3 ways -- Sun, Gravity, and Earth.
▪ Can be slow or fast
▪ “lo o’t kill you, it’s ey slo oeet of a glaie, ey slo, et.
• Most are slow
• Building breaking down due to weather, typically slow.
▪ Fast and dangerous: landslides, tsunamis (earthquake generated waves),
volcanic eruptions, floods, etc.
• These ae typially geologial hazads
• Sierra Leone (landslide on August 14, 2017 – look into it just to see
examples; 1000 killed), DR of the Congo
• Building in hazardous areas
o Processes into 4 major categories:
1. Weathering (carbon dioxide, etc. that is breaking down the buildings; slowing
weakening materials) (weakens) – you may or may not get this
2. Erosional Processes (while weathering weakens it, erosion wears it away and
pulls it out) (breaks down) (actual dislodge – pull it out)
3. Transportational – moves the sediment (carries away)
4. Depositional – placed down into a high pressure (drops it) (in slide, dumping it
into the ocean)
• Humans are considered the most important geological agent to the Earth
• When did humans become the most important? 8,000 years ago, etc.
2. Time – how long do you have?
▪ Not that important in terms of certain features that are created easily and
destroyed easily (e.g sad ipples, half hou, hou ad it’s goe esus
landscape that is ancient (not much weathering – Ayers Uluru)
▪ Processes are weak so variant of time
▪ Weak material, strong process (time is not important)
▪ Strong material, weak deserts (time is very important)
3. Geology – what are you working on?
• The structure of the Earth:
o The core (iron and nickel at 5000 degrees C) (solid in the middle)
o Outer part of core is liquid (on the outside) (TEST – check slides)
o Ho do e ko if e a’t get to the iddle hat it is? (TEST for sure)
▪ Aalyze eathuakes’ aes ho log it’s take, desity of oks, et.
▪ Material that comes from Volcanos
▪ Geochemically these are different layers
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Geomorphology a su(cid:271)je(cid:272)t that deals (cid:449)ith hu(cid:373)a(cid:374)"s use of the su(cid:396)fa(cid:272)e of the ea(cid:396)th (cid:894)hu(cid:373)a(cid:374)-land relationships). Landslides are particularly big: intro (basic concepts, plate tectonics, etc. ) Tests will be reminded of 2 weeks before (3 tests that are separate on their own), multiple choice, course material and assignment readings. See (mars- delta) slide for reference: river delta, there must have been water there, top left: river channel. If water, there is a chance of life. See (mars sand dunes) slide for reference: no vegetarian to interfere with the wind, typical dunes, applying the same factors as earth. Geomorphology processes and landforms/landscapes on earth and some moons and planets. Landform (bottom of valley, top of a mountain) individual feature that makes up a landscape (point. Pelee is a landform that makes up essex county) Landscape entire thing (what something looks like) 1. 1: west newfoundland the mantle comes to us (only place in world) (end of slides -6/15)
