Biology 2581B Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Disulfide, Thymus, Epitope

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15 May 2020

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Memory stronger and faster response in second infection of a particular pathogen. Lymphocytes b cells and t cells, both formed in bone marrow, t cells mature further in thymus gland, found in blood, lymph, and lymphoid tissues. B cells make antibodies, humoral (antibody-mediated) response. T cells do not make antibodies, exert effects on cells, cell-mediated response. Closed ended vessels, lymph nodes in main junction points. B and t cells patrol through this system and through blood and are in high concentrations in lymphatic nodes. Millions of inactive b cells circulate body. Recognition uses special protein molecules called antibodies (immunoglobulins) Each b cells has a slightly different antibody on its surface (antibodies at this stage are membrane proteins) Variable region is consistent within b-cell but differs between them. An antigen is any molecule that can be recognised by a lymphocyte (toxins secreted by bacteria, cell-surface molecules on bacteria or protists)

Related Questions

How did inoculation with cowpox generate immunological memory and provide protection against smallpox? Did cross-reactivity play a role?

How did Pasteurâs work with attenuated (weakened) bacteria further our understanding of the role vaccination can play?

What are the three characteristics that define an adaptive immune response? Briefly define each of the characteristics.

Define primary versus secondary immune response.

Whatâs the difference between totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent and oligopotent when evaluating cell differentiation capacity?

What is hematopoiesis?

What cell types are derived from myeloid versus lymphoid progenitor cells? Describe the function of each WBC type.

What is clonal selection?

What role do antibodies play with regard to antigen recognition and immune defense that is different from what Tcrs provide?

As described in class generally understand the outcome of B cell, Th cell, and Tc cell activation. Understand that these cells can differentiate into effector (plasma cells, cytokine producing Th cells and CTLs) or memory cells.

Understand how granzymes and perforins play a role in apoptosis.

Which types of cells typically express MHC Class II? Do these cell types also express MHC Class I, and if so why?

With regard to Tc and Th cells, what kinds of peptide antigens (think about exogenously versus endogenously derived antigens) are recognized?

Be able to show cooperation between Tc, Th and B cell responses (refer to class notes).

What is the overall role of MHC Class I and II?

What is ADCC and what cell types are involved?

Understand and be able to provide examples highlighting the cooperation between innate and adaptive immunity. Note: ADCC and dendritic cell and macrophage interactions with Th cells illustrate examples of innate/adaptive cooperation.

What are the primary lymphoid organs? What role do they play?

What role does the lymphatic circulatory system play in immune defense?

Whatâs the difference between plasma, ISF, and lymph?

Whatâs the difference between afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels?

How is lymph ultimately delivered back to blood?

Define extravasation. Why is this important?

What are HEVs and what role do they play?

What are the secondary lymphoid tissues/organs?

What role do lymph nodes play?

What role does the spleen play?

What is Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency?

Whatâs MALT and its role?

What is the inflammatory response and what are characteristics associated with inflammation?

What role does histamine play in the inflammatory response?

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11. Which type of immunityoccurs as a response to illness or vaccination?

	Acquired active
	Acquired passive
	Natural

12. What are the uniquecharacteristics of the immune system?

	repository, recognition, defense
	self recognition, specificity, memory
	interception, defense, notification
	specificity, memory, defense

13. Which of the followingis not one of the three unique characteristics ofthe immune system?

	memory
	sensitivity
	specificity
	self-recognition

14. Which of the followingis an age related change associated with the immune system?

	Increase in the number of macrophages and monocytes
	The thymus continues to produce the same number of T cells withage
	The rate of B-cell production declines with age
	Immune memory declines with aging

15. A decrease in ________secretion causes a lowering of blood volume and blood pressure andan increase is body osmotic pressure.

	FSH
	GH
	LDH
	T3
	ADH

16. Which of the followingstatements regarding antibodies is true?

	they destroy antigens by engulfing them
	IgA activates the complement system
	IgE antibodies release histamine and cause inflammation
	Antibodies are manufacture and by platelets

17. Which condition causesautoimmune damage to receptors for acetylcholine at theneuromuscular junction?

	Multiple sclerosis
	Rheumatoid arthritis
	Myasthenia gravis
	Crohn's disease

18. Which is true inregards to Immune memory?

	the number of memory cells increase with age due to the fact thebody has been exposed to numerous antigens throughout life
	the strength of the memory cells is not altered with aging butthe speed in which the memory cells responds decreases with age
	the function of the memory cells is not really altered until thepatient reaches approximately eighty years of age
	less decline in the ability to maintain memory that was producedduring youth or young adulthood, as oppose to memory that came onin older adulthood

19. All of the followingare ways to minimize the undesirable effects of aging on our immunesystem, except what?

	diet low in complex carbs
	regular vaccinations
	seek early treatment when ill
	wearing sun protection

20. Which type of immunesystem cell is formed from an unspecialized lymphocyte because ofthe influence of the thymus on the lymphocyte?

	A-Cell
	D-Cell
	G-Cell
	M-Cell
	T-Cell

11. Which condition causes autoimmune damage toreceptors for acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction?

	Multiple sclerosis
	Rheumatoid arthritis
	Myasthenia gravis
	Crohn's disease

12. Which is true in regards to Immune memory?

	the number of memory cells increase with age due to the factthe body has been exposed to numerous antigens throughout life
	the strength of the memory cells is not altered with aging butthe speed in which the memory cells responds decreases withage
	the function of the memory cells is not really altered untilthe patient reaches approximately eighty years of age
	less decline in the ability to maintain memory that wasproduced during youth or young adulthood, as oppose to memory thatcame on in older adulthood

13. Which type of immunity occurs as a response toillness or vaccination?

	Acquired active
	Acquired passive
	Natural

14. A decrease in ________ secretion causes alowering of blood volume and blood pressure and an increase is bodyosmotic pressure.

	FSH
	GH
	LDH
	T3
	ADH

15. Which of the following is notone of the three unique characteristics of the immune system?

	memory
	sensitivity
	specificity
	self-recognition

16. Which of the following is an age related changeassociated with the immune system?

	Increase in the number of macrophages and monocytes
	The thymus continues to produce the same number of T cells withage
	The rate of B-cell production declines with age
	Immune memory declines with aging

17. All of the following are ways to minimize theundesirable effects of aging on our immune system, except what?

	diet low in complex carbs
	regular vaccinations
	seek early treatment when ill
	wearing sun protection

18. Which of the following statements regardingantibodies is true?

	they destroy antigens by engulfing them
	IgA activates the complement system
	IgE antibodies release histamine and cause inflammation
	Antibodies are manufacture and by platelets

19. What are the unique characteristics of the immunesystem?

	repository, recognition, defense
	self recognition, specificity, memory
	interception, defense, notification
	specificity, memory, defense

20. Which type of immune system cell is formed froman unspecialized lymphocyte because of the influence of the thymuson the lymphocyte?

	A-Cell
	D-Cell
	G-Cell
	M-Cell
	T-Cell

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Biology 2581B Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Disulfide, Thymus, Epitope

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