Psychology 1000 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Reinforcement, Operant Conditioning, Latent Learning
3 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Shaping and Chaining
• Shaping – reinforcing successive approximations toward a final response
o Example: To get a child to be active when he usually sits and does nothing, first
reward him every time he gets up, then only when he walks towards something
active, then only once he does something active
• Chaining – reinforcing each response with the opportunity to perform the next response
o Eaple At first the rat lears to press a leer he it sees a light, ut after
accidentally hitting a bell nearby that turns the light on, the rat will learn to ring
the bell
Generalization and Discrimination
• Operant generalization – an operant response occurs to a new stimulus or situation that
is similar to the original
• Operant discrimination – an operant response will occur to one stimulus, but not
another
Schedules of Reinforcement
• Continuous reinforcement – every response of a particular type is reinforced
• Partial reinforcement – only some responses are reinforced
o Ratio schedules are based on a certain percentage of reinforced responses
▪ Fixed ratio schedule – reinforcement is given after a fixed number of
responses (e.g. food after three pulls of lever)
▪ Variable ratio schedule – reinforcement is given after a variable number
of correct responses, all centered around an average (e.g. slot machine
pays on average every 20 pulls)
o Interval schedules are based on a certain amount of time elapsing between
reinforcements
▪ Fixed interval schedule – first correct response that occurs after a fixed
time interval is reinforced (e.g. food only on first pull of lever every 20
minutes)
▪ Variable interval schedule - reinforcement is given for the first response
that occurs after a variable time interval (e.g. quizzes about every 2
weeks)
• Partial reinforcement is learned slower, but more resistant to extinction (especially on
variable schedule)
o Takes longer to realize that variably reinforced responses are not occurring
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
111
PSYCH 1000 Full Course Notes
Verified Note
111 documents
