Psychology 1000 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Retina, Binocular Disparity, Interposition
3 Jun 2018
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The Skin and Body Senses
• Receptors in skin and internal organs sense pressure, pain, warmth, and cold
o Mixtures form other sensations, such as itch
• Kinesthesis – proides us ith feedak aout our usles’ ad joits’ positios ad
movements
o Cooperates with the vestibular sense (sense of body orientation or equilibrium)
Perception: The Creation of Experience
• Two different types of processing functions:
o Bottom up processing – takes individual elements of the stimulus and combines
into a unified perception
o Top down processing – sensory information is interpreted in the light of existing
knowledge, concepts, ideas, and expectations
▪ Accounts for psychological influences on perception
Role of Attention in Perception
• Attention involves processes of (1) focusing on certain stimuli, and (2) filtering out other
incoming information
o Studied through technique called shadowing
▪ Participants hear two messages simultaneously through earphones, and
must repeat one of the messages word for word
▪ Most can complete this, but cannot repeat second message
• Attention strongly influenced by nature and personal factors
o Internal factors (motives and interests) influence which stimuli are noticed
Perceptions Have Organization and Structure
• Synthesia – stimuli in one sensory modality give rise to perceptions in other modalities
• Gestalt theorists believe strongly in top-down processing
o Wholes perceived are often more than the sum of their parts
o Figure ground relations – perceptual organization in which a focal stimulus is
perceived as a figure against a background of other stimuli
o Gestalt laws of perceptual organization – four ways in which people group and
interpret stimuli
▪ Similarity – when parts of a perception are perceived as similar, they will
be perceived as belonging together
▪ Proximity – elements that are near one another are likely to be perceived
as part of the same configuration
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