Psychology 1000 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Reuptake, Homeostasis, Endorphins
3 Jun 2018
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Why Do We Sleep
• Restoration model – sleep recharges our run-down bodies and allows us to recover from
physical and mental fatigue
o Researchers believe adenosine (decreases alertness, promotes sleep) may play a
role in why we sleep
• Evolutionary/circadian sleep models – sleep’s ai purpose is to irease a speies’
chances of survival in relation to its environmental demands
o Those who left shelter at night would be killed by nighttime predators
o Circadian pattern developed as adaptation to environment
• REM sleep is vital for mental functioning
o Memory consolidation – ability to transform short-term memory into long-term
memory
▪ REM may strengthen neural circuits required for this process
Sleep Disorders
• Insomnia – chronic difficulty in falling asleep, staying asleep, or experiencing restful
sleep
o Most common sleep disorder
o Caused by genetics, medical conditions, mental disorders, drugs, stress, poor
lifestyle, and circadian disruptions
• Narcolepsy – extreme daytime sleepiness and sudden, uncontrollable sleep attacks that
may last from one minute to one hour
o Narcoleptics may go right into REM sleep
• REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder – loss of muscle tone that causes normal REM sleep
paralysis is absent
• Sleep Apnea – disorder characterized by a repeated cycle in which the sleeper stops
breathing, momentarily awakens, and then returns to sleep
o Caused by an obstruction in the upper airways
• Sleepwalking – typically occurs during stage 3 or 4 sleep
• Nightmares – frightening dreams that occur often during REM sleep in the hours prior to
awakening
• Night Terrors – sleeper suddenly sits up and screams
o No recollection of the episode in the morning
o Most common during stage 3 or 4 sleep
The Nature of Dreams
• Dreams most common when brain is most active (brain activity highest during REM
sleep, and during final hours of sleep)
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