BI226 Study Guide - Xeroderma Pigmentosum, Dna Mismatch Repair, Philadelphia Chromosome
Document Summary
Chapter 16 cell cycle regulation and cancer. Single nucleotide substitutions to large scale rearrangements of the genome are associated with cancer: unlike other diseases, cancer is attributed to mutations that arise predominantly in somatic cells. Rarely the result of a single mutation, rather an accumulation of mutations (sometimes. Cancer is abnormal cell growth (benign tumor) Abnormal restraints that keep cells from spreading and invading other parts of the body (metastasis). Malignant tumor: billions of cells, originated from one common ancestral cell. Burkitt"s lymphoma: reciprocal translocations between chromosome 8 (breakpoint near c-myc gene) and chromosomes 2,14 or 22 near the immunoglobulin genes. In every patient, all the lymphoma cells have the same breakpoints. Each patient will have their own unique breakpoint. The genetic basis for cancer is usually the accumulation of several mutations. Defects in genome stability and dna repair: cancer cells show higher rates of mutation, chromosomal abnormalities and genomic instability. Mutator phenotype: chronic myelogenous leukemia (cml)
