BIO-110 FA5 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Covalent Bond, Nuclear Membrane, Oxaloacetic Acid
13 Apr 2017
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Document Summary
All cells have four things: nucleic acid, proteins, carbohydrates, plasma membrane. Endosymbiotic theory: mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free living bacteria that were ingested and established a mutually beneficial relationship with the host cell. Secretory pathway hypothesis: proteins intended for secretion from the cell are synthesized, steps. Ribosome deposits protein in er lumen where one or more carbohydrate groups are added. Protein exits er in vesicle and travels to cis side of golgi apparatus. Protein enters golgi and is processed as the cisternae matures. Protein exits golgi and moves to the plasma membrane for secretion. Exocytosis-vesicles fuse with membrane and release contents to exterior. Endomembrane system: center for producing, processing, and transporting proteins and lipids in eukaryotic cells. How do molecules pass complex double membrane in eukaryotes: proteins synthesized in cytoplasm and destined for the nucleus have a molecular address tag or. Zip code that marks for nuclear entry: approximately 17 amino acid long nuclear localization signal (wls)
