ACC 231 Study Guide - Final Guide: Issued Shares, Financial Statement, Financial Analysis

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ACC 231
Review and Practice
Review content:
Recording a transaction:
ā€¢A T-Account is a way to keep track of the activity and balance in an account.
When do we record revenues/expenses under accrual based accounting?
ā€¢Revenue recognition principle-Revenues recognized when earned ( provide a good or service).
Cash may or may not have changed hands.
ā€¢Matching principle-match costs in the period they are incurred to produce revenue. (match
revenues with the costs that help generate them)
Recording inventory examples:
1.A merchandiser purchases goods from a supplier
ā€¢Purchasing inventory on credit or using cash
DR Inventory $XX
CR Accounts Payable or Cash $XX
2.What if the merchandiser returns some or all of the goods to the supplier?
ā€¢We would reverse the entry above for the appropriate amount.
DR Accounts Payable or Cash $XX
CR Inventory $XX
A merchandiser sells goods to a customer
Cash Sales
ā€¢Record Revenue
DR Cash $XX
CR Sales Revenue $XX
ā€¢Match the cost of the inventory with the revenue it generated and record the outflow of
inventory.
DR Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) $XX
CR Inventory $XX
Credit Sales
ā€¢Record Revenue
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DR Accounts Receivable $XX
CR Sales Revenue $XX
ā€¢Match the cost of the inventory with the revenue it generated and record the outflow of
inventory.
DR Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) $XX
CR Inventory $XX
Inventory costing methods:
ā€¢First-in First-out-The costs of the earliest inventory items are moved to cost of goods sold.
Know how to Calculate COGS and Ending Inventory.
ā€¢Last-in First-out-(Only in the U.S.) The costs of the most recent inventory purchase are moved
to costs of goods sold. Know concept.
What is lower cost of market value?
ā€¢We may have to impair inventory if the cost we paid for the inventory is higher than the
market value (or replacement costs) of inventory.
ā€¢We wonā€™t cover how market value is determined in this class, so the value will be given in the
problem
ā€¢If market value is lower than cost then we must write down inventory to market value. The
amount we write down inventory by is the difference between cost and market or
ā€¢Cost ā€“ Market=Write down
What is inventory shrinkage?
ā€¢If an inventory count is done, and the inventory value recorded during the counts is different
than what is on our financial statements, we need to correct the value of inventory.
ā€¢If the value of the count is lower than the value of Inventory on the Balance Sheet
DR COGS $XX
CR Inventory $XX
What is the Gross Profit % Method?
ā€¢Know concept and given Sales and GP% what is GP or COGS
ā€¢An inventory costing method to estimate the value of inventory.
ā€¢Companies estimate their average gross profit percentage(GP%) or Gross Profit/Sales.
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Document Summary

Recording a transaction: a t-account is a way to keep track of the activity and balance in an account. When do we record revenues/expenses under accrual based accounting: revenue recognition principle-revenues recognized when earned ( provide a good or service). Cash may or may not have changed hands: matching principle-match costs in the period they are incurred to produce revenue. (match revenues with the costs that help generate them) 1. a merchandiser purchases goods from a supplier: purchasing inventory on credit or using cash. 2. what if the merchandiser returns some or all of the goods to the supplier: we would reverse the entry above for the appropriate amount. Cr sales revenue : match the cost of the inventory with the revenue it generated and record the outflow of inventory. Inventory costing methods: first-in first-out-the costs of the earliest inventory items are moved to cost of goods sold.

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