NUSCTX 10 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Leptin Receptor, Red Meat, Gut Flora
25 Apr 2016
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Fsv: lipophilic, hydrophobic, storage in cells associated with fat so risk of tox is high. 3 active forms (rectinoids: (1) rectinol (2) rectinal (3) retinoic acid, storage form in liver: rectinyl ester, va precursor- beta carotene from f & v. Conversions through enzymatic reactions: ester (animals) ol / bc (plants) al / al can be convereted into acid, not vice versa / al, ol and ester all interchangeable. Rectinol binding proteins needed for va transport. Rec: rae rectinol activity equivalents 1 ug rae = 1 ug ol, 12 ug bc. Toxicity if va is excess of binding proteins and damages cells, increased bone fracture, birth defects, excess bc skin discoloration. Deficiency: night blindness, xerophthalmis (blindness), keratinization (no skin cell turnover leads to bumpy spots on skin), increased mortality from infectious disease. Body can synthesize from cholesterol and uv light, conditionally essential (not enough from body.
