PSYCH 130 Study Guide - Final Guide: Frontotemporal Dementia, Vascular Dementia, Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor
30 Apr 2018
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1. Frontotemporal Dementia: caused by a loss of neurons in frontal and temporal regions
of the brain. The neuronal deterioration of FTD occurs predominantly in the anterior
temporal lobes and prefrontal cortex. (mid to late 50s)
a. Death with in 5-10 years, less than 1% of the population
b. Subtype: behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), semantic,
nonfluent-affect decision making, behavior, language
i. Symptoms: apathy, loss of empathy, compulsive behavior, reduced
executive functioning, hyper orality and often leading to violation of
social norms and poor decision making
ii. Neuroanatomy: atrophy in frontal and temporal lobes of the brain,
inclusing OFC, ACC, insula, amygdala
c. International consortium include deterioration in at least 3 of the following
i. Empathy, executive function (cognitive capacity to plan and organize)
ii. Ability to inhibit behavior
iii. Compulsive or perseverative behavior hyperorality (put nonfood in
mouth)
iv. Apathy
d. Change in personality and judgment, might suddenly start to over eat, chain
smoke, drink alcohol, or demonstrate other behavioral symptoms
e. Often misdiagnosed as a midlife crisis or as psychological disorder
f. FTD stikes eotioal poesses oe pofoudl tha Alzheie’s disease so it
hurts social relationship.
g. Causes: Pik’s disease: presence of Pick bodies (spherical inclusions) within
neurons
h. Strong genetic component
i. C9orf72 (found on chromosome 9 mutation), MAPT (found on
chromosome 17 mutation)
i. Neuropathology: degeneration can be caused by tau inclusions
2. Vascular Dementia: caused by cerebrovascular disease. Stroke cause a blood clot, which
then impairs circulation and results in the death of neurons. (7% develop)
a. More rapid in vascular dementia than in other forms of dementia
3. Dementia with lewy bodies(DLB): protein deposits called Lewy bodies form in the brain
and cause the cognitive decline.
a. Sutpes deped o hethe o ot it ous i the otet of Pakiso’s
disease (80% people with Parkinson will develop DLB)
i. Had to distiguish fo the sptos of Pakiso’s ad Alzheie
ii. Prominent visual hallucinations and fluctuating cognitive symptoms
iii. Extremely sensitive to the physical side effects of antipsychotic
medications
4. Dementias Caused by disease and injury
a. Encephalitis: any inflammation of brain tissue is caused by viruses that enter the
brain
b. Meningitis: any inflammation of membranes covering the outer brain is usually
caused by bacterial infection
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