CAS BI 107 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Tachycardia, Sympathetic Nervous System, Parasympathetic Nervous System

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9 Nov 2016

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Starling"s law of the heart the more that the cardiac muscle is stretched, the stronger the contraction. Changing heart rate is the most common way to change cardiac output. Skeletal muscle milks blood in veins toward the heart. Walls of capillaries are only one cell layer thick to allow for exchanges between blood and tissue. Most arterial blood is pumped by the heart. Veins use the milking action of muscles to help move blood. Capillary beds consist of two types of vessels. Vascular shunt directly connects an arteriole to a venule. Carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products cross into blood. Monitored at pressure points where pulse is easily palpated. Measurements by health professionals are made on the pressure in large arteries. Systolic pressure at the peak of ventricular contraction. Pressure in blood vessels decreases as the distance away from the heart increases. Carbon dioxide and other wastes leave the cells.

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c) How going from laying to standing affects arterial blood pressure in the head region?

When we are laying down the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) is at the same level of the heart which is about 100 mm Hg. When we try to stand up from the lying position, our head is placed above our heart and gravity starts to pull the blood back downwards to our heart and feet. Return of venous blood is reduced and this leads to a decrease in cardiac stroke volume and decline in mean arterial pressure which is reduced to 60-70 mm Hg. This decreases the flow of blood to head. In response to this reduction in arterial blood pressure in the brain, parasympathetic nervous system is withdrawn and sympathetic nervous system is activated to pump more blood to head region via increased heart rates.

d) How the baroreceptors reflex explains the higher HRs during standing

When a person stands up, baroreceptor reflexes are rapidly activated to restore arterial pressure so that mean arterial pressure normally is not reduced by more than a few mmHg when a person is standing compared to lying down. However, in order to maintain this normal mean arterial pressure, the person who is standing upright has increased systemic vascular resistance (sympathetic mediated), decreased venous compliance (due to sympathetic activation of veins), decreased stroke volume (due to decreased preload), and increased heart rate (baroreceptor-mediated tachycardia).

QuestionGroup: #37 CNS

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Which parts of the brain contribute to our social behavior?

Orbitofrontal cortex

Mirror neurons

Amygdala

All of these are correct

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QuestionGroup: #38 CNS2

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Part of the explanation of long term memory is which of the following?

Long term potentiation between neurons and muscle cells

Long term potentiation between neurons

Short term translation

Long term transcription

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QuestionGroup: #39 PNS

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The somatic component of the peripheral nervous system has which of the following characteristics?

It controls the smooth muscle in the blood vessels so that blood vessels can vasoconstrict or vasodilate

It controls the autonomic nervous system so it indirectly controls heart rate

It controls your skeletal muscle so you can answer this question by pushing on the keyboard

It controls the smooth muscle in your intestinal tract so it controls peristalsis

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QuestionGroup: #40 Smooth/skeletal

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Which of the following is NOT a part of a skeletal muscle cell?

Motor neurons

Nuclei

Sarcomeres

Actin

Myosin

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QuestionGroup: #41 Cardio

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Which part of the circulatory system has the highest pressure?

Veins

Capillaries

Arteries

Aorta

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QuestionGroup: #42 Cardio2

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Where do the electrical signals originate in your heart?

SA node

Internodal tracts

His-Purkinje System

AV node

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QuestionGroup: #43 Blood pressure

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There was a horrific traffic accident and you run to help the victims. You feel a pulse from his carotid artery ,however the medic comes along and gets no blood pressure as he measures it from the arm. He claims the victim is dead. You think which of the following?

Medic is not correct since it is the difference between heart rate and blood pressure that determines life. No heart rate only means tha the sympathetics have stopped vasoconstricting the blood vessels.

Medic is correct since it is common to not have a blood pressure of 120/80 and no pulse due to stress as was discussed in class.

Medic is incorrect since there is a pulse. This means the person is still alive.

Medic is correct since there is no blood pressure there is no life.

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QuestionGroup: #44 Blood pressure2

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Which side of the capillary bed has the higher oncotic pressure?

venous and lymph

arterial and lymph

lymph

venule side

arterial side

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QuestionGroup: #45 Capillaries

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If the hydrostatic pressure is higher in the interstitial space rather than the capillary, which of the following will occur?

(2),(3)

(1),(2),(3)

(3) Decreased hydrostatic pressure in the arterial end of the capillary

(2) Decreased hydrostatic pressure in the venous end of the capillary

(1) No change in the hydrostatic pressure since this pressure is maintained regardless of external pressures.

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QuestionGroup: #46 Respiration/ ventilation

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The left atrium is damaged and is generating a great resistance to blood coming from pulmonary vein. What happens due to this pressure?

Back up of blood in the pulmonary artery which causes pulmonary capillary edema

Generation of back flow into the inferior vena cava

Generation of coronary artery edema

Back up of blood in the pulmonary vein which causes pulmonary capillary edema

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QuestionGroup: #47 Respiration/ventilation 2

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Edema in the pulmonary circulation refers to which of the following?

additional fluid in the trachea

additional interstitial fluid

additional surfactant

additional capillary fluid

additional intracellular fluid

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QuestionGroup: #48 Cell communication

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What is the definition of a signaling pathway?

All the proteins in the nucleus

All the cell molecules in the mitochondria

A group of genes that control mitosis

A specific chemical pathway that is activated by the ligand/receptor complex.

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QuestionGroup: #49 Hormone/ menstruation

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Which hormone directly causes ovulation?

Follicle stimulating hormone

Lutenizing hormone

Progesterone

Estrogen

All of these

CAS BI 107 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Tachycardia, Sympathetic Nervous System, Parasympathetic Nervous System

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