CAS PS 261 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Learned Helplessness, Dispositional Attribution, Daniel Kahneman
17 Dec 2017
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Note: this list is not comprehensive, just a good jumping off point. As always, you are responsible for anything covered in class and in the textbook chapters. Inverse relationship, one goes up other goes down. Direct relationship, both goes up or both goes down: correlational vs. Experimental research: researcher manipulates (i. e. , changes the value of) one variable, and measures related changes in a second variable: establishes cause, controlled variables. Correlational: no manipulation, no causal relationships explored; mainly to observe the existing relationship between two variables: correlation vs. causation. Causation is basically the effect one thing has on another thing: directionality problem. Not knowing if a causes b or if b causes a in a correlational study: 3rd variable problem (extraneous variables) You might think that a and b are related but there could be a third variable. Ex) summer is the third variable when looking at ice cream sales and murder rates: independent vs. dependent variables.
