PSYC 355 Study Guide - Final Guide: Social Contract, Conduct Disorder, Parenting Styles

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Gender differences in socialization goals of parents/others (that is, girls are traditionally socialized to have nurturing characteristics and boys socialized to have instrumental characteristics) Kind, nurturing, cooperative, sensitive to others" needs. Score higher on mathematical reasoning (not computation) Size of sex differences found in various areas of psychological development. Males and females are much more psychologically similar than they are different. Results of cross-cultural studies regarding similarities/differences in sex-role standards and expectations. Gender differences in pressure to adhere to sex-role stereotypes/expectations. Parental influences on adherence to sex role stereotypes. Children are encouraged to show gender appropriate behaviors (by parents, Reinforced and punished accordingly (by parents, siblings, peers) More pressure for boys to be independent. Concerned about adherence to gender-typed expectation in both sons & More worried about boys" violation of expectations daughters. Focus on the roles of both biological and social factors. Biological factors: cross-cultural similarities in gender stereotypes and gender-

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