PSYCH 2010 Study Guide - Spring 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Intelligence Quotient, Memory, Behaviorism
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
PSYCH 2010
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
PSYCH 2010
January 11th, 2018
93% of CEOs had pets growing up
the problem is that they don’t take into consideration how many CEOs did not have pets
base rate — number natural occurrences “ignoring the base rate”
Nun study — showed that the happier you are, on average, lived 10 years longer than those who
were not happy
January 16th, 2018
A study was conducted asking doctors and nurses how long the patients had to live — the
doctors went solely off the medical chart and data and the nurses went solely off their
interactions with the patient……the nurses had a more accurate telling of how long the patients
were going to live based off of the behavior and daily interactive things with the patients.
Not all psychology is clinical
Industrial organizational psychology — example Hawthorne Effect — trying to figure
out how to get women to work harder; found that every time they turned the lights up their
productivity went up and when they turned the lights down the productivity still increased.
since the women were getting attention, they were working harder because of it
(in the 1930s women were not as prominent in the work force)
Psychology — study of brain and behavior
Parents of psychology are philosophy and physiology
Father of psychology — Wilhelm Wundt — one who operated the first lab (1879 in Germany)
started with conscious experience — awareness of your immediate experiences of your
surroundings
took about 60 years before psychology was linked to help with mental illness
G. Stanley Hall was the first person to take it and run with it by operating the first lab in America
and published the first psych paper and first president of the APA (American Psychology
Association)
Psychology is a science
much harder science than most people realize
Empiricism — conclusions should be based on systematic, direct observation — you have to see
it to believe it
Since it's a science there is also a lot of skepticism
2 schools of psychology that started in the US — the first was structuralism (the “what”) which
analyzed into basic elements
Introspection — careful, systematic observation of one’s own conscious experience
couple problems with this — very subjective, just got boring, professional
“subjects” (paid them to participate in the experiment)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
The second one was functionalism (the “why”) which investigated the function/purpose
William James — impressed with Darwin and how Darwin talked about the purpose of
biology and thought that this was relative to humans and their behaviors
“Stream of Consciousness” — continuous flow of thought, conducted mental testing and
differences between the sexes
Functionalism lead to applied psychology and behaviorism
6 current perspectives
- Psychoanalysis — around 1900s — by Freud; behavior is influenced by the unconscious
(“outside of awareness”)
- internal conflict
- not fully aware of the forces that control behavior
- unconscious is larger than the conscious
- Freud had a very negative perspective of the unconscious
- unconscious is a time saver (based off of habits)
- academics didn’t like his ideas — no scientific basis
- lay men at the time didn’t like his ideas — they were very uptight about certain
topics (sex, etc.)
- now — mainstream — validated some of the ideas
- Asked men which car they preferred by showing various pictures of cars and
one picture had a girl in a bikini in it…found that the men chose the picture
with the girl unconsciously without them realizing that chose it based off of the
girl in the picture.
- Behaviorism — 1950s-60s — by John Watson; said that because psychology is a science that
it should only study observable behavior — overt or observed response in an organism
- believed that the environment guided behavior
- nature vs nurture — psychologists believed in the nurture side (environment)
- BF Skinner called this determinism which says the environment determined
behavior
- controversy about free will — Skinner said that it doesn’t exist (it was just an
illusion)
- did a lot of animal research because they wanted to control everything they possibly
could except for the one thing they were manipulating (testing for)
- Humanism —1950s — focused on daily human qualities like freedom and personal growth
- not very scientific
- Cognitive Psychology — 1950s but surpassed behaviorism from 1970 — apply scientific
things to find out mental processes and acquiring knowledge
- studying the conscious experience
- putting the “psyche” back into psychology
- dominant scientifically
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
93% of ceos had pets growing up base rate number natural occurrences ignoring the base rate . Nun study showed that the happier you are, on average, lived 10 years longer than those who were not happy. Empiricism conclusions should be based on systematic, direct observation you have to see it to believe it. Since it"s a science there is also a lot of skepticism. 2 schools of psychology that started in the us the first was structuralism (the what ) which analyzed into basic elements. Subjects (paid them to participate in the experiment) Stream of consciousness continuous flow of thought, conducted mental testing and. William james impressed with darwin and how darwin talked about the purpose of. The second one was functionalism (the why ) which investigated the function/purpose biology and thought that this was relative to humans and their behaviors differences between the sexes.
