MU 103 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Heterophony, Griot, Pansori
Eskanyeh/Haudenosaunee: “Water Song” by Ahkwesahsne Mohawk Women Singers
● Haudenosaunee Confederacy: confederation of 6 Native American nations
● Mohawks (Kanien’keha:ka): People of the Flint, occupied eastern region of Haudenosaunee
Confederacy
● Eskanyeh (women’s shuffle dance): social dance
○ Performed by a singing society- members take turns leading songs
○ Water drum(played by whoever is leading the song), horn rattles (everyone else)
○ Value individual voices being heard when singing in groups
○ Reinterpret and absorb other types of music
Bird Song/Desert Cahuilla
● Rancherias: settlements, included European missions
● Instruments:
○ clackers/clappers: sticks with slits cut into them that are tapped together or against one’s
body, creating a clacking sound
○ Rattles: ground shakers or a string of seeds or deer toes
○ Shells that may be worn
○ Flutes and musical bows
● Ostinato rhythm: repeated rhythm
● Animal songs, food-related songs, gambling songs
● Type 1 rise: highest pitch established early in the song, melody hovers, descends toward the end
● Type 2 rise: highest pitch is established in the middle of the song
● Type 3 rise: melodic contour is transposed (intervals remain similar)
● Performed at social gatherings and intertribal events
● Intertribal powwow
● Mixed meter: the phrase lengthens, meters are not always the same
● Cahuilla nation: Bird is sung in a sequence of musical chapters, history and creation story
● Takes about one week to tell
● Sung from sundown to sun-up
Electric Powwow: “Stadium Pow Wow” by A Tribe Called Red
● Inter-tribal, contemporary event in celebration of Native American music
● Regalia: clothing, not costume
● Northern powwow
○ High vocal ranges
● Southern powwow
○ High vocal ranges,but notably lower
● DJ Crew: enemble or group of producers and dj’s who perform electronic/techno/house music
● A Tribe Called Red (ATCR): from northeasten Indigenous nations
○ Known fo unique blend of traditional powwow drums and vocals
○ Electric powwow
○ Dancers from both powwow dance and hip-hop breakdancing
Native Hawaiian Chant: “Mele Pule” by Emily aui Zuttermeister
● Mele: chant poetry
● Oli characterized by:
○ Monophonic texture: only one melodic voice
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○ Absence of accompanying musical instruments
○ Free-flowing pulse
○ Small vocal range
○ May sing as part of funeral lament to express mourning
● Pule: prayer chants
Native Hawaiian Chant: “E Pele, Pele, Pele” by Hawaiian dancers and male singers
● Dedication to Pele: volcano goddess who appears in Hawaiian dramas
● Mele hula: documents and retells history and legends through dance
○ Includes percussion accompaniment
■ Ipu heke
■ Ka pahu
■ Large vocal range
■ Regular pulse
■ Lyrics align with beat
■ Monophonic tone
Kaluli/Bosavi/Papua New Guinea- gisalo: “Seance gisalo song” by Aiba with weeping
● Kaluli
● Gisalo performed during ceremonies or seances
● Performed throughout the night
● May comprise up to 13 different songs, each song lasts 10-20 minutes
● Mel will perform the music as spirit mediums
● Women will join with weeping and dancing
● Melodies come from bird noises
● Muni birds: reincarntaions of deceased relatives
● Small musical range
● Melody follows descending contour
● “Water rushing over rocks”
● In this sing, Aiba, the spirit mediu, leaves his body and allows spirits to sing through his body
● Sob: rattle with about 30 mussel shells
● Singing grows louder throughout song
Kaluli/Bosav/Papa New Guinea-gita gisalo: “My Father, My Heart” by Kemuli String Band
● Kemuli: popular string band
● String bands associated with longhouse community (multifamily group)
● Protestant music: 3-5 voices at full volume, string instruments (lead, rhythm, bass guitars,
ukeleles, sometimes guitars)
● transculturation
Gamelan/Wayang Kulit- Java/Indonesia: “Ketawang Subakastawa”
● Gamelans: ensemble, family of instruments that are tuned to each other in a unique toning system
○ Java
○ Bali
● 30-40 instruments
● Metallophones: knobbed hanging gongs, resting kettle gongs, some xylophone-like keyed
instruments, resting kettle gongs
● String instruments: chordophones, flutes, two-headed barrel drums
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Eskanyeh/haudenosaunee: water song by ahkwesahsne mohawk women singers. Haudenosaunee confederacy: confederation of 6 native american nations. Mohawks (kanien"keha:ka): people of the flint, occupied eastern region of haudenosaunee. Performed by a singing society- members take turns leading songs. Water drum(played by whoever is leading the song), horn rattles (everyone else) Value individual voices being heard when singing in groups. Reinterpret and absorb other types of music. Clackers/clappers: sticks with slits cut into them that are tapped together or against one"s body, creating a clacking sound. Rattles: ground shakers or a string of seeds or deer toes. Type 1 rise: highest pitch established early in the song, melody hovers, descends toward the end. Type 2 rise: highest pitch is established in the middle of the song. Type 3 rise: melodic contour is transposed (intervals remain similar) Performed at social gatherings and intertribal events. Mixed meter: the phrase lengthens, meters are not always the same.
