PHL 201 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Modus Tollens, Cogito Ergo Sum, Modus Ponens
Document Summary
Metaphysics: what is / what exists / the nature of / essence of. Philosophy of mind, free-will, determinism, identity, god. Epistemology: knowledge / its nature and limits. Validity: if premises and conclusion are true (even if doesn"t make sense) Soundness: if valid and premises are true. Deductive: truth preserving; if premise true, conclusion must be as well. Inductive: not truth preserving; conclusion can be false if premises true. Modus ponens: if p, then q. p, therefore q. S believes p. s is justified in believing. Process: know-how (process); fixing a bike, designing an app. Description: propositional; inference of things not directly known. Knowledge via direct intuition; logic of concepts; definitions; concepts. A priori: self-evident truths; no new info with certainty. A posteriori: truth via senses; new information with possible error. Empiricism (a posteriori, perception [theories], induction) - locke. Naive realism: objects are as they appear. Primary qualities: true of objects; mass, size, shape, etc.
