PHL 202 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Moral Realism, Logical Positivism, Existentialism
20 Apr 2019
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Logical positivism : logical positivism is a 20th cent. epistemological theory (a. j. ayer) hyper-empiricist. Emotivism: moral propositions make no claims about reality, but rather, merely express the likes and dislikes of the speaker. so moral claims are merely just emotions. They are cognitively meaningless, because you can"t decipher true or false. Principle of verification: a claim is cognitively meaningful if, and only if, it is analytic, or it is empirically verifiable or falsifiable. rules out metaphysical claims religious claims . Cognitively/existentially meaningful :ethical claims are cognitively meaningless though they do have. Ethical relativism: the individual is the source and criterion of moral judgments. Protagoras and the sophists: a man is the measure of all things . Subjectivist/objectivist ethic: ethical objectivism e. r. affirms that there are no absolute, universally binding moral obligations moral obligations are merely conventions (rules) constructed and agreed upon by individuals.
