PSYC 341 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Reduced Affect Display, Schizotypal Personality Disorder, Schizophrenia
PSYC 341-02
Exam 3
Personality Disorders
10-15% of the population has one or more PDs (aka comorbidity)
def: very rigid non-normative pattern of inner and outer experiences that pervade a personality
affects at least two of the following areas: feelings, cognitions, interpersonal relations, and
impulse control
three umbrella categories:
odd - features typical of schizophrenia w/o actual psychosis
dramatic - troubled interpersonal relations, little impulse control
anxious - troubled interpersonal relations, unreasonable expectations of selves and others
Odd Personality Disorders
paranoid PD - hostile, aggressive, suspicious of others, critical of others yet sensitive to criticism
themselves
schizoid PD - cold, uninterested in others, flat affect, robotic, isolated, unaffected by criticism
schizotypal PD - odd language and behavior, trouble concentrating, on the verge of
schizophrenia
Dramatic Personality Disorders
antisocial PD - impulsive and indulgent, egocentric, risk-taking, exploits others, criminal
behavior
borderline PD - uncertain of self-image and values, shy, mood swings, impulsive, clingy
histrionic PD - emotional, attention seeker, dramatic, jealous of those who get more attention,
associates with those in higher ranks, shifting values
narcissistic PD - feels superior to others, non-empathetic, self-centered, fantasies about success,
beauty, and talent
Anxious Personality Disorders
avoidant PD - feels inadequate, desires to connect, fearful of criticism, depressed
dependent PD - childlike, obedient, fearful of being alone, clingy
obsessive compulsive PD - perfectionistic, hyperfocused on unimportant details, control freak
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Explanations of Personality Disorders
antisocial PD
behavioral: modeling parents’ behavior
psychoanalytic: parents were cold and unloving
Treatments for Personality Disorders
schizoid PD
cognitive therapy: increase awareness of how others perceive the situation. encourage more
flexible patterns of behavior.
paranoid PD
cognitive therapy: develop realistic interpretations of others’ motives. learn social skills. reduce
anger.
dependent PD
change ideas of helplessness, assertiveness training, group therapy, SSRIs, co-dependency,
interpersonal loss
hardest PDs to treat
narcissistic PD and antisocial PD
Schizophrenia:
1 in 100 people
•Symptoms vary as well as the response to treatment
•More common in low SES
•African Americans (2.1%) > Hispanics > Caucasians (15% commit suicide)
•Onset for men: 21 yrs old
•Onset for women: 27 yrs old
•30% homeless (1% Married and 3% divorced)
•Rosenhan study: self-fulfilling prophecy: students were admitted to hospital after claiming they
heard voices→ they were treated differently and poorly even when they acted normal in every
way→ students felt powerless
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
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Document Summary
Anxious personality disorders avoidant pd - feels inadequate, desires to connect, fearful of criticism, depressed dependent pd - childlike, obedient, fearful of being alone, clingy obsessive compulsive pd - perfectionistic, hyperfocused on unimportant details, control freak. Explanations of personality disorders antisocial pd behavioral: modeling parents" behavior psychoanalytic: parents were cold and unloving. Sensory perceptions without external stimuli a. most common is auditory hallucinations: inappropriate affect. Emotions are unsuited to situations: negative symptoms (think of these as subtracting something) 1. poverty of speech (alogia: brief empty replies, forget what are presently talking about, speak a lot but little content. 2. restricted affect a. less anger, sadness, joy, and other feelings b. flat affect- no emotions at all c. apathy, ambivalence, or avolition: social withdrawal. Type i schizophrenia: dominated by positive symptoms- delusions and hallucinations, symptoms may be linked to biochemical abnormalities (dopamine) Type ii schizophrenia: negative symptoms: flat affect, poverty of speech, linked to abnormal brain structures: enlarged ventricles and less developed brains, reduced blood flow.
