BIOL 3521 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Chondrichthyes, Latin, Evolution
BIOL 3521
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
| BIOL 3521.001 | Lecture #1 | 8/20/2018 |
1 | P a g e
Introduction
Announcements
― WATCH: Urochordata + Cephalochordata by Devin JohnsonHogan (Thr. 8/22)
― WATCH: The Chordates (Crash Course in Biology #24) (Thr 8/22)
o Ignore how the narrator classifies us – he’s incorrect
o Synapomorphies: conservative/ancestral traits
Dr. Cheri Jones
Office: Science 2071F
Office Hours: Mon/Fri (0800 – 0900); Tue/Thr (1245 – 1545); by appointment
Email: [email protected]
Phone: (303) 315-7615
― Prefers Dr. Jones, and the pronouns she/her
― “I’m your coach but the learning is up to you”
― PhD in zoology
o Interested in mammals, reptiles, and plants
o Anatomy, plant-animal interactions, systematics, taxonomy, conservation, etc.
o I have broad experience, exploit me!!
― Academic advisor for biology majors and minors
Introduction to Vertebrate Biology
― Vertebrate Biology: the study of animals with bony or cartilaginous backbones (vertebrae)
o All have a well-developed cranium surrounding a brain and sensory organs
o Defined anterior end as well
― Subdiscipline of zoology
o Research regarding: anatomy and physiology, behavior, domestication, ecology, parasites, and
phylogenies
― Why study vertebrate biology?
o It explores the connectedness in dynamic ecological systems
▪ Individuals → Populations → Communities → Ecosystems → Biosphere
▪ Reject the concept of balance because it implies the possibility of stasis
o It has pragmatic applications
▪ We’re used to human beings, so we take a lot of organisms/relationships for granted
o It encourages conservation
▪ If we know that organisms are important and are related to other organisms, we’ll take better
care of them
o Bibliophilia: the love of life – if you’re passionate about something you can turn it into a career
▪ E.O. Wilson coined this term (his paper is in the Guidelines document)
▪ Dr. Mamie Parker was the youngest daughter of a share-crop farmer but went on to earn her
PhD and become the director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service because she grew up
fishing with her mom
▪ Dr. Cheri Jones worked in museums, labs, etc.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
| BIOL 3521.001 | Lecture #1 | 8/20/2018 |
2 | P a g e
This Course
Bloom’s Taxonomy
Illustrates levels of thinking
General Biology I & II got you to apply knowledge
This course will teach you how to create or synthesize it
Not always going to be straight-forward answers
Don’t just memorize facts but apply the ideas themselves
Key Terms
― Systematics: the study of biodiversity
o Covers all organisms that live (or have lived) on Earth
o Looks at variations in biology or genetics
o “Anatomy reflects physiology” – form follows function
― Taxonomy: the study of naming organisms
o Using phylogenies and genetics to make rules about naming new organisms
o “Taxonomy reflects phylogeny” – can’t just name things whatever you want
― Homeostasis: auto-regulation to maintain a stable environment
― Adaptive Radiation: the diversification of a group of organisms to fill different ecological niches
― Convergent Evolution: the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages
― Analogous Structures: features which have different evolutionary ancestries but the same function
o Ex. Birds, bats, and bees all have wings, but their common ancestors do not
― Homologous Structures: features which have similar ancestries but a different function
o Ex. Whale fins and human forearms have similar bone structures but wildly different functions
― Zoogeography: a branch of zoology that deals with the geographical distribution of animals
― Traits: heritable characteristics
o Ancestral Traits: a characteristic that emerged a long time ago in evolutionary history
o Derived Traits: a characteristic that sets an organism apart from its ancestors
Etymology
― Biology has an extensive vocabulary based on Greek and Latin words
o Instead of trying to memorize every term, focus on learning key roots, prefixes, and suffixes
o This will help you remember vocabulary and decipher new words
Allo- other; another
Auto- self
Endo- inside; inner
Evol- unroll; change
-gen bear; produce
Geo- earth
Hetero- other
Hom- same (also Homo-, Homeo-)
Inter- between
Intra- within
Micro- small
Morph- form
Nomen- name
Paleo- early; ancient
Patr- homeland
-ped foot (Latin)
-pod foot (Greek)
Phylo- tribe
Poly- many
Pre- earlier than (Latin)
Pro- earlier than (Greek)
Sym- same
-troph feeding
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Watch: urochordata + cephalochordata by devin johnsonhogan (thr. Watch: the chordates (crash course in biology #24) (thr 8/22) Ignore how the narrator classifies us he"s incorrect: synapomorphies: conservative/ancestral traits. Office hours: mon/fri (0800 0900); tue/thr (1245 1545); by appointment. Prefers dr. jones, and the pronouns she/her. I"m your coach but the learning is up to you . Interested in mammals, reptiles, and plants: anatomy, plant-animal interactions, systematics, taxonomy, conservation, etc. Academic advisor for biology majors and minors. Vertebrate biology: the study of animals with bony or cartilaginous backbones (vertebrae: all have a well-developed cranium surrounding a brain and sensory organs, defined anterior end as well. Subdiscipline of zoology: research regarding: anatomy and physiology, behavior, domestication, ecology, parasites, and phylogenies. It explores the connectedness in dynamic ecological systems. Individuals populations communities ecosystems biosphere: reject the concept of balance because it implies the possibility of stasis.
