ORB 141 Midterm: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
21 Dec 2020
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Document Summary
Inter-cellular regulatory and communication molecules: hormones, gfs, cytokines. They act on distant target cells at very low []s (nanomolar or sometimes lower) Hormone-like exogenous chemicals that bind to hormone rs(mainly sec hormones) and exert hormone-like effects = endocrine disruptors. A hormonal stimulus will regulate one (or more) changes in cell"s metabolism: Changes in pm permeability and/or changes in rmp. Regulation of enzymatic activity (usually on/off by phosphorylating or de-phos. Some can stimulate cell division/growth by causing long-term changes in gene expression. Endocrine: direct hormone secretion into blood; disseminates widely through body. Paracrine: that cell"s hormone/gf secretion affects only nearby cells. Autocrine: when hormone or gf produced by cell can also regulate itself. Pheromones: hormones detected by olfaction, elicit physiological or behavioral response in other organisms of same species. Endocrine hormones" chemical signals affect distant target tiss rs in an entire organ or subset of cells within that organ or may target most (or all) bodily cells.
