PSY 240 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Masculinity, Emerging Adulthood And Early Adulthood, Crystallization
10 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
The way we usually study is by adding the definitions and sorting
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0073133809/student_view0/chapter18/index.html
Expected exam question
Early Adulthood
Middle Adulthood
Late Adulthood
Age &
Characteristi
cs
Emerging adulthood 18-25
1.feeling in between(Neither
adolescent or adult)
2.identity exploration(love, work,
political views)
3.self focused ie minimal
obligations to others
4. Instability (freq. Change in
living, relationships, education,
work)
5. Possibilities (able to choose
among many directions in life)
**emerging adulthood only
available to some!
I
Feel
Pretty
Sick
Inside
Early adulthood:
-declines in 20's and 30's in
psychical appearance
- socioeconomic status variation
in health increases between
childhood and adulthood
- poor health conditions in
childhood affect health changes
in adulthood
40-65
-narrowing life options
-career paths become more determined
-shift from time sense birth to time left to
live
-revised physical self image
65+
-balance of gains and declines
gradually shifts
- importance of culture for support,
respect and purpose
- older adults now represent 15% of
US population compared with 4% in
the early 1900’s
-industrialized nations avg nearly 2
more healthy decades
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Physical &
Cognitive
Epistemological beliefs: beliefs
about the nature of knowledge
and how it is acquired
Dualism: view the world
dichotomously, only way to
succeed is by working hard and
adhering to authority (1 right
answer, teacher has it)
Multiplicity: no absolute truth,
all points are equally valid (lots of
good answers)
Relativism: knowledge can be
understood in specific contexts,
not good or bad but better or
worse
Committed Relativism: make
conscious choice about “truth”,
information gathering way of
thinking (atheist will to change
mind)
-biological aging begins
Telomere length
-unhealthy behaviors
-prenatal conditions
Senescence: gradual physical decline
related to aging and when body becomes
less strong and efficient (skin less elastic,
more body fat less muscle mass)
Double standards of Aging
Coping Styles
Problem Centered: identify and see if
situation is changeable, then find and
implement potential solutions (work on
marriage, work harder, goals)
Emotion Centered: when situation can’t
be changed, focus on privately controlling
stress
Resilience: 4Cs of Hardiness
Control: internal locus of control- (opp of
learned helplessness)
Commitment: find purpose and
something meaningful in every
experience
Challenge: view stressful changes as an
opportunity for learning and self
improvement→ grow from experience
Age-related deficits in senses
Vision: increased sensitivity to glare,
impaired color discrimination, poor
dark adaptation, decreased depth
perception, lower visual acuity
Hearing: high frequencies most
affected, speech perception difficulty
Taste: difficulty recognizing familiar
foods, decline in taste buds (issue for
recognizing spoiled/rotten/expired
foods)
Smell: decrease in smell receptors,
loss of neurons that process odors,
perception distorted, self-protective
function of odor sensitivity diminishes
(issue for recognizing spoiled foods)
Touch: reduced sensitivity to touch,
difficulty with activities that depend on
fine judgements in texture
Aging Body Systems/Health:
Activities of daily living(ADLs):
necessary for fundamental functioning
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Connection: maintenance of social
networks→ being supported by other
people
Intelligence
Crystallized: skills dependent on
knowledge and experience, social
conventions valued in culture,
chess/crossword puzzles
Fluid: basic use of properties in info
processing system, associated with
physical health
Selective Optimization w/
Compensation theory (SOC)
Selection & Optimization: adults
identify and become more proficient in
their best abilities and intact functions
(i.e., “sharpen the saw”)
- Ex: a person with fading eyesight
who loves to sing could focus
more time and attention on
singing, perhaps by joining a new
choir, while cutting back on time
spent reading
Compensation: adults find alternate
ways to meet goals due to loss of abilities
or diminished skills (e.g., physical,
cognitive)
- Ex: failing eyesight, but loves
reading, now use audible to listen
to books
SOC in Mid-Life:
(e.g., self-care abilities, hygiene,
eating)
Instrumental ADLs (IADLs): more
complex activities that involve higher-
level cognitive functions
The Cascade of dependency
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
The way we usually study is by adding the definitions and sorting http://highered. mheducation. com/sites/0073133809/student_view0/chapter18/index. html. Shift from time sense birth to time left to live. Importance of culture for support, respect and purpose. Us population compared with 4% in the early 1900"s. Industrialized nations avg nearly 2 more healthy decades. 3. self focused ie minimal obligations to others: instability (freq. Change in living, relationships, education, work: possibilities (able to choose among many directions in life) Declines in 20"s and 30"s in psychical appearance. Socioeconomic status variation in health increases between childhood and adulthood. Poor health conditions in childhood affect health changes in adulthood. Epistemological beliefs: beliefs about the nature of knowledge and how it is acquired. Dualism: view the world dichotomously, only way to succeed is by working hard and adhering to authority (1 right answer, teacher has it) Multiplicity: no absolute truth, all points are equally valid (lots of good answers)
