URP-3000 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Gentrification
20 Feb 2017
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Lecture 2: The Urbanization of America
1. Rural: agrarian society Pre-1800s
2. Urban: industrial society 1800s – 1900s
3. Suburban: post-idustrial… s – present
o Urbanization: movement of people from rural to urban places
o Forces behind urban growth:
1. Increasing population growth:
▪ Natural increase: births-deaths
▪ Immigration
2. Increasing agricultural productivity
▪ Increased productivity of agriculture
● Technological advances
● Labor force decreased on farm
3. Increasing factory production efficiency
▪ Shift in industries
▪ Need for mass labor
▪ Large increase in production of consumer goods
4. Improved transportation technologies
▪ Low transportation cost
▪ Greater range for markets of agricultural commodities & raw
materials
● Urban Form:
o Limited transportation:
▪ Water was cheaper, railroad saved a lot of money for
manufactures & wholesale, horse & wagon was very expensive.
▪ Business needed to be near rode transportation
● Rivers, ports, road, rail Labor needed to be near
business
● Walking distance
● Diseconomies:
o Pollution
o Congestion: over crowding
o Crime
o Disease: tenement housing
o Decentralization:
▪ Electric street car
▪ Urban growth began to extend outside city: suburbanization.
o Urbanization in the 20th century
▪ Automobile= 1920s suburbanization . It was very luxurious and people were
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Document Summary
Labor force decreased on farm: increasing factory production efficiency, shift in industries, need for mass labor. Large increase in production of consumer goods: improved transportation technologies. Low transportation cost: greater range for markets of agricultural commodities & raw materials. Urban form: limited transportation, water was cheaper, railroad saved a lot of money for manufactures & wholesale, horse & wagon was very expensive, business needed to be near rode transportation. Rivers, ports, road, rail labor needed to be near business. Diseconomies: pollution, congestion: over crowding, crime, disease: tenement housing, decentralization, electric street car, urban growth began to extend outside city: suburbanization, urbanization in the 20th century, automobile= 1920s suburbanization . It was very luxurious and people were able to move wherever they wanted: automobiles affected population & economics, development, rise of the suburbs. Suburbanization: the establishment of residential communities on the outskirts of a city.
