VART 1101 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - City, Urban Planning, New York City
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
VART 1101
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Urbanism Class Notes
9/19/17
Ancient Greece & Rome
Chp.5 – Cities
Ancient Greece
- Flourished between 800 BC- 200BC
- Height – 500 BC
- Securing more food (grain) the Greek empire to expand a violently take over areas
- Advances of farming, transportation, and government
- Crucial issues
o Water rights
- Network of trading routes developed
o Single filed caravans
- 300 BC
o Alexander the Great extended their control to the Nile River - Egypt
- Military
o Used for conquering
o Used to protect the grain routes, aqueducts
- Slaves
o Needed huge labor pool to farm grain
o To get the slaves they traded fruit/meats and also manufactured goods
- Famine was a constant threat
Athens
- Capital
- Oe of the world’s oldest otiually ihaited ities
- Emerged with the seaport city Piraeus because Athens needed a connection to the sea
o Grew together and depended upon one another
- Home of art, philosophy, education
o Plato’s shool
- Birthplae of deoray
o demos – common people
Aristotle
- 384-322 BC
- Master in physics, biology, zoology, poetry, theatre etc.
- Tutored Alexander the Great
- Most known for his reflections of civilizations and his ideas of morality
Classical Greek City Planning
- Result of planning and no planning (combination)
- Ex. The City of Thurii, planned around 446 BC – steps of how to go about this
o The ritual consultation of the oracle (religion)
o The location of a spring (water supply)
o The building around it of a wall (defense)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
o The laying out of a grid of broad avenues – four in one direction and three others
at right angles to them (primary zoning)
o Grid pattern of streets will be filled in with houses
- Hippodamus of Miletus – 384 BC – 322 BC
o Known as the father of urban planning
o Characterized by order and regularity
Alexanders Empire at its Height – 323 BC
- 356 BC - 323 BC
- Credited with expanding the Greek empire
- Spent most of his ruling years on an unprecedented military campaign through Africa
and Asia
- Tutored by Aristotle
- Inherited a very strong kingdom from his father after he was assassinated
- The plans for the conquest were already in place before Alexander was on the throne
o Invaded Persian valley
o Extended empire up to Indus river valley
- Wanted to conquer the ends of the world to the great outer sea
- Died in Babylon
o Cause: Unknown
▪ Poison
▪ Malaria
- Series of Civil wars tore the empire apart after his death
o Begiig of the ed
- invasions resulted in an enormous spread of Greek culture
- his strategies in conquering are still being taught today
Classical Greek Architecture
- Parthenon
o Built for goddess Athena
o Construction started at 447 BC
o Symbol to show the world they are in control and thriving
- Architects were masters at the siting of individual buildings
- Revival Architecture
o Very popular in Paris and Berlin and all over the world
- Saw a parallel between architecture parts and the human bodies
Classical Order
- One of the ancient style of classical architecture, each distinguished by its proportions
and characteristic profiles and details, and most readily recognizable by the type of
column used
- Washington DC
- 3 different Orders
o Doric
o Ionic
o Corinthian
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Securing more food (grain) the greek empire to expand a violently take over areas. Network of trading routes developed: single filed caravans. 300 bc: alexander the great extended their control to the nile river - egypt. Military: used for conquering, used to protect the grain routes, aqueducts. Slaves: needed huge labor pool to farm grain, to get the slaves they traded fruit/meats and also manufactured goods. O(cid:374)e of the world"s oldest (cid:272)o(cid:374)ti(cid:374)ually i(cid:374)ha(cid:271)ited (cid:272)ities. Emerged with the seaport city piraeus because athens needed a connection to the sea: grew together and depended upon one another. Home of art, philosophy, education (cid:862)birthpla(cid:272)e of de(cid:373)o(cid:272)ra(cid:272)y(cid:863: plato"s s(cid:272)hool, demos common people. Master in physics, biology, zoology, poetry, theatre etc. Most known for his reflections of civilizations and his ideas of morality. Result of planning and no planning (combination) Hippodamus of miletus 384 bc 322 bc: known as the father of urban planning, characterized by order and regularity.
