BIOL 213 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Unified Atomic Mass Unit, Extracellular Fluid, National Institutes Of Health

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redhedgehog907

25 Aug 2019

School

George Mason University

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 213

Professor

Fondufe

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Document Summary

Three thousand volunteers were split into two groups. For two weeks, members of group a took 3,000 mg of vitamin c daily. Group b received 3,000 mg of a placebo. At the end of the two-week period, the researchers inserted live cold viruses directly into the noses of all the volunteers. The volunteers in both group a and b continued to take their daily pills. All the volunteers got colds, and there was no significant difference in the length of time the colds lasted. Which was the experimental group: group a only, group b only, all 3,000 volunteers, the researchers that inserted the cold virus, 15 daltons, 16 daltons, 30 daltons, 31 daltons, 46 daltons. The exposure of dna to excessive levels of ultraviolet radiation produces thymine (a nucleotide) dimers, which, if unrepaired, can lead to production of skin cancer. The amino acids of the protein keratin are arranged in an helix.

Related Questions

1) Protists are eukaryotes and possess which of the following characteristics? (select ALL correct answers)

A	are found only in the digestive tracts of animals

B	all have flagella

C	a nuclear envelope

D	reproduction by binary fission

2) Protists are eukaryotic organisms that are often unicellular, but some species are multicellular, and some are more closely related to ___ than they are to other protist lineages.

archaea

aliens

C	plants, animals, or fungi

bacteria

3) In a protist lifecycle where do you expect meiosis to occur?

A	just prior to fertilization

B	in a diploid cell

C	in a haploid cell

D	in the gametes

17. What is citizen science? a) Science projects in which scientists study citizen b) Science project in which citizens are trained to become scientists in the future c) Science projects in which the public participates by collecting data, analyzing data, or participating as subjects d) Science projects in which scientists study the nature of being a good citizen

18. When considering the evolutionary tree of life and the three domains of life, which statement best describes what likely happened over the course of millions of years of evolution? Choose one:

A. Bacterial and eukaryotic cells are more closely related to each other than to archaeans, as evidenced by the fact that bacteria and eukaryotes do not inhabit the most extreme environments.
B. Although their cell structures are very different, archaean and eukaryotic cells are more closely related to each other than to bacteria, as evidenced by the fact that Bacteria was the first domain to split from the shared ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya.

C. Bacteria and archaeans are more closely related to each other than to eukaryotes, as evidenced by their cell structures. Bacteria and archaeans are prokaryotic, while all eukaryotic cells contain mitochondria and other membrane-bound organelles.
D. The three domains of life are equally divergent from one another, so no two domains are more closely related to each other. This is supported by the evolutionary tree of life because three branches extend from one node millions of years ago.

1.This week, you will be conducting Gram stains of bacteria.Which of the following statements are true? (Mark all thatapply)

		Gram-negative bacteria do not stain purple because they do nottake-up crystal violet or iodine
		The peptidoglycan in the walls of Gram-positive bacteria bindsto the crystal violet stain more easily than walls of Gram-negativebacteria do
		Gram-positive bacteria have cell walls with a thickerpeptidoglycan layer than walls of Gram-negative bacteria
		Gram-negative bacteria do not stain purple, because their cellwall structure allows purple-colored iodine-dye complexes to washout of the cells more easily than the cell wall structure ofGram-positive bacteria does
		Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane (outside thepeptidoglycan layer in their wall) that Gram-positive bacterialack

What evidence is used to inform our understanding ofrelationships among species? (mark all that apply)

		Biochemical similarities between existing species
		Fossils
		Morphological similarities between existing species (presence ofhair, backbones, etc.)
		DNA sequences and molecular clocks

For each of the groups of organisms below, indicate whether theybelong in (A.) Archaea, (B.) Bacteria, or (C.) Eukarya

- A. B. C.	Methanogens (prokaryotes that produce methane)
- A. B. C.	Gram-positive bacteria
- A. B. C.	Fungi
- A. B. C.	Animals
- A. B. C.	Cyanobacteria
- A. B. C.	Green algae
- A. B. C.	Red algae
- A. B. C.	Amoebas
- A. B. C.	Thermophiles (prokaryotes of hydrothermal vents)
- A. B. C.	Plants
- A. B. C.	Free-living relatives of mitochondria
- A. B. C.	Single-celled organisms with a circular strand of DNA, without anuclear envelope and without peptidoglycan in their cell walls

Select all true statements about the relative diversity ofdifferent groups of organisms from among the followingstatements:

		There are more species of plants on Earth than species ofmolluscs
		There are more plant species on Earth than mammal species
		There are more species of plants on Earth than species offungi
		There are more species of fungi on Earth than mammal species
		There are more species of plants on Earth than species ofarthropods
		There are more flatworm species on Earth than mammal species

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BIOL 213 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Unified Atomic Mass Unit, Extracellular Fluid, National Institutes Of Health

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