HIST 125 Midterm: Exam terms review
Exam terms review
Biological Old Regime
Focused all on agriculture, limits the populations as well as the productivity of the
economy. Techniques were not well developed for the long-term storage of food
or for its rapid transit from places to plenty to places of need. It is significant
because it led up to the Industrial Revolution (ex: Chinese state granary system
that stored and distributed grain in times of famine)
Afro-Eurasia
The land masses of Africa and Eurasia (Europe and Asia), together with adjacent
islands, in a single spatial entity. Known as the "old world", and describes Africa,
Europe, and Asia all before 1492. It's important because it shows how they're all
biologically and religiously connected.
State
An organized exercise of power over the people who live in a certain territory. We
learned this as one of the four key terms related to political order used
throughout the book. States are usually in control by one main authority chosen
by the highest authority of the empire
Sovereignty
Individuals or states attempting to act like a state are claiming _______; and if
they exceed, then they are exercising _____. Means that an individual or group
has the ability to make and enforce rules within a given terrirory and/or among a
group of people. Was a problem in Europe, with _____ being contested among
many groups, rather than just a single central authority, continued well beyond
the 16th century
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Empire
_______ are states in which those who rule act as if both their sovereignty and
legitimacy can be limited only practical considerations, such as natural obstacles.
______ can create imbalances among the various peoples and territories under
the sovereign's authority, with some receiving greater benefits from the political
and economic system than others. An example would be the Aztecs in the 15th
century. They were a migrant group in the valley of Mexico. Important bc TRADE
NETWORKS
Black Plague
Spread from China through oceanic and overland trade networks across much of
Afro-Eurasia in the 14th century. Caused the population of Europe to drop from
80 million to 60 million. During the time of the spread of the ______, the Hundred
Years' War was going on. Caused new trade routes to be formed and stricter
control over what is being traded.
Ibn Battuta
14th century Moroccan qadi who traveled over 70,000 miles throughout North
Africa, across the Arabian Peninsula, through Central and South Asia, and all the
way to China. Travels showed how unadvanced technology was during this time.
Zheng He
A Muslim from the southwestern region of China. Led the fleet into the South
China Sea and across Southeast Asia before reaching the kingdom of Calicut in
southwestern India. Important because he led China into being the superpower in
the Indian Ocean. During this century there was lots of competition between
countries and their explorations.
Christopher COlumbus
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Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while
looking for a route to India (1451-1506). His voyage established the existence of
the New World across the Atlantic. Failed at finding a new route to India, those
who followed laid the primer for Spanish colonization of the Americas and for
empires of other European nations, thus growing a new major trading network.
Vasco da Gama
Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe
to sail to India. Opened an important commercial sea route. And established
Portugal in India.
Spanish conquests in the Americas
Beginning with the 1492 arrival of Christopher Columbus and continuing for over
three centuries, the Spanish Empire would expand across the Caribbean Islands,
half of South America, most of Central America and much of North America
(including present day Mexico, Florida and the Southwestern and Pacific Coastal
regions of the United States). It is estimated that during the colonial period (1492-
1832), a total of 1.86 million Spaniards settled in the Americas and a further 3.5
million immigrated during the post-colonial era (1850-1950).
Columbian Exchange
The unintentional biological exchange of plants, animals, and ideas between the
New World (Americas) and the Old World (Europe). Caused by Explorers spread
and collected new plants, animals, and ideas around the globe as they traveled.
Began with Columbus's return to Europe. Significance: PRECIOUS METALS
FLOWING OUT OF THE AMERICAS TRANSFERRING THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Military Revolutions
...
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