BIO 120 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Oxygen, Ion, Hydrogen
BIO 120
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Ch. 1 lecture notes: Fundamental themes and Concepts/Evolution/Themes
of Biology
●Characteristics of living things
a. Reproduction
b. Movement
c. Using energy
d. Organization
e. Adaptation
f. Reactions to environment
●Properties of life
○Order
○Energy processing
○Growth and development
○Response to the enviornement
○Evolutionary adaptation
○Regulation
○Reproduction
●5 unifying themes
○Organization
○Information
○Energy and matter
○Interactions
○Evolution
●Biological organization
○Biosphere- all life on Earth and all the places where life exists
○Ecosystems- all the living things in a particular area along with
all the nonliving components of the environment which life
interacts with
○Communities- the collection of organisms inhabiting a
particular ecosystem
○Populations-all the individuals of a species living within the
bounds of a specified area
○Organisms-individual living things
○Organs- a body part that is made up of multiple tissues and
have a specific function in the body. Example- leaves, stems,
roots for the plant
○Tissues: group of cells that work together performing a
specialized function.
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○Cells: life's fundamental unit of structure and function
○Organelles: various functional components present in cells
○Molecules: chemical structure consisting of two or more units
called atoms.
●Evolution- change in gene frequency in a population
○3 domains: bacteria, archaea, and eucharia
○Living things vary
○Variation is heritable
○Humans selectively breed and mate plants/animals with
particular traits
○Organisms tend to have more offspring than can survive
○In nature only some live to reproduce
○Individuals that have favorable traits produce on average more
offspring that live to reproduce
●Evolution: the concept that the organisms living on Earth today are
the modified descendants of common ancestors
●Domains of life
○Bacteria: most diverse and widespread prokaryotes and are now
classified into multiple kingdoms
○Archaea: multiple kingdoms. Live in Earth’s extreme
environments.
○Eukarya
■Kingdom Plantae: terrestrial multicellular eukaryotes that
carry out photosynthesis
■Kingdom Fungi: absorb nutrients from outside their
bodies
■Protists: mostly unicellular and some simple multicellular
relatives.
■Kingdom Animalia: consists of multicellular eukaryotes
that ingest other organisms
■Adaptation: characteristic that increases odds of survival
and reproduction
●Theory of Natural Selection
○Theory: predicts and explains- the “why”- broad
○Law- observable phenomenon- the “what”
○Hypothesis- narrowed prediction/explaination- possible
explanation
○Inquiry: a search for information and explanations of natural
phenomena
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
1 lecture notes: fundamental themes and concepts/evolution/themes of biology. Characteristics of living things: reproduction, movement, using energy, organization, adaptation, reactions to environment. Biosphere- all life on earth and all the places where life exists. Ecosystems- all the living things in a particular area along with all the nonliving components of the environment which life interacts with. Communities- the collection of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem. Populations-all the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area. Organs- a body part that is made up of multiple tissues and have a specific function in the body. Tissues: group of cells that work together performing a specialized function. Cells: life"s fundamental unit of structure and function. Organelles: various functional components present in cells. Molecules: chemical structure consisting of two or more units called atoms. Evolution- change in gene frequency in a population. Humans selectively breed and mate plants/animals with particular traits.
