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CHEM-C 117 Midterm: C117 Exam 2 Study Guide (Mar. 2)

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20 Jul 2016

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9-10 additional examples and information/study guide for exam 2. Bond energy- energy needed to break bond (endothermic: = (cid:1828)(cid:4666)(cid:1854)(cid:1867)(cid:1866)(cid:1856)(cid:1871) (cid:1854)(cid:1870)(cid:1867)(cid:1863)(cid:1857)(cid:1866)(cid:4667) (cid:1828)(cid:4666)(cid:1854)(cid:1867)(cid:1866)(cid:1856)(cid:1871) (cid:1858)(cid:1867)(cid:1870)(cid:1865)(cid:1857)(cid:1856)(cid:4667) Subtracting products accounts for exothermic bond formation. Pay attention to number of bonds and moles of each item. Bond h and cl (formed bond energy) Use bond energies to calculate the enthalpy change for h2(g) + f2(g) 2hf(g). dashes in parentheses are bond lines, 544 kj released for every mole of this reaction: ex. Draw lewis structures to see all bonds (esp. if bond types not given) 42 kj released for every mole of this reaction. Sodium must lose an electron (first ionization energy) Chlorine must gain an electron (electron affinity) Sodium is a solid, chlorine is a gas. Sodium must be converted to a gas (not really happening, but you need the energy required to do so to split sodium atoms up from a solid- heat of sublimation)

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Related Questions

How do you answer 1-4?

Physical Constants R-00821 L.atm rnol. K: 1 atm = 760 Torr; h-6626 x 10". Js; c-3.00 x 10e mis Multiple Choice Question-4 points each. Circle the correct choice. 1. How many orbitals are there in the n - 3 shell? )3 b)6 )9 d) 12 e) none of the preceding choices 2. Which of the following is not a valid set of four quantum numbers to describe an electron in an atom? 3. Which pair of elements would you expect to exhibit the most similar physical and chemical properties? a) As and Se b) Na and Cl c) As and Sb d) B and Be 4) The number of unpaired electrons in the ground state of an atom of Co is.. (A) one (B) three (C) five (D) seven (E) none of the preceding choices S. Which of the following processes is exothermic? a) lonization of a sodium atom b) Formation of gaseous chlorine atoms from Cl, (g) c) Breaking apart of NaC1 (s) into ions d)Addition of an electron to a chlorine atom 6. Which of the following bonds is the most polar? a) N-O b)O-F e) B-O d)S-o e) all are equally polar At what temperature (in C) will 25.0 g of carbon dioxide (at 1,00 atm) occupy 21.5 L? 188Â°C b) 461Â°C c) -263Â°C d)-270Â°C e)113Â°C How many times more rapidly will hydrogen (H2) gas effuse through a pinhole than will deuterium (D ) gas? Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen with a molecular mass of 4.0 g/mole. (A) V2 (B) 2 (C)2v2 (D) 4 9. Which of the following arrangements from lowest to highest in first ionization energies is correct ? 10. In which of the following compounds obeys the octet rule? 1. The bright spectral lines observed in the emission spectrum of a flame or gas discharge tube are due to a) XeF b) BF, c) Cio d) so e) none of the preceding choicees a) the absorption of light at specific wavelengths b) the formation of an excited state of atoms c) the transition of an atom from an excited state to a lower energy state d) the change from anti-parallel to parallel electron spins in an atom 2. A one-liter container is filled with one mole of hydrogen at 25 Â°C. A second one-liter container is filled with one mole f oxygen at 25 Â°C. Comparing the pressure of the hydrogen to the oxygen, the ratio will be Fro n Bond Dissociation Enthalpies: AHD (CI-CI)-243 kJrnolAMD (F-F )ä¸159 klinol; lculate the enthalpy, AH, for the chemical reaction: Cl: (g)+F: (g) 2CIF(R) )-147 kJ (b)-108 kJ (c)+171 kJ (d) +912 k AHD (CI F)-255 kJ mol ;

How do you solve #8?

Brooklyn College of C.U.N.Y Spring 209 Chemistry 1.2 Makeup Midterm Exam Lab. Sectio Physical Constants R-0.0821 L.atrn /mM1 K: 1 atrm-760 Torr; h-6.626 x 10" Js. c-300 x 10' mis Multiple Choice Question4 points each. Circle the correct choice I. How many orbitals are there in the n - 3 shel 2. Which of the following is not a valid set of four b6 ( 4)12 e) none of the preceding choices quantum numbers to describe an electron in an atom? 3. Which pair of elements would you expect to exhibit the most similar physical and chemical peoperties? a) As and Se Na and ci As and Sb s) B and Bensnp 4) The rn unpaired electrons in the ground state of an atom of Co is... ree (C) five (D) seven (E) none of the preceding choices 0è®ä¸ä½å£ wch of the following processes is exothermic? a) lonization of a sodium atom b) Formation of gaseous Which of the following bonds is the most polar? a) N-O b)o-F ) B-o )so e)all are equally polar t what temperature (in C) will 25.0 g of carbon dioxide (at 1.00 atm) occupy 21.3 L? 8Â°C b) 461 C c) -263Â°C d)-270Â°C e) 113Â°C How many times more rapidly will hydrogen (H,) gas effuse through a pinhole than will deuterium ( Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen with a molecular mass of 4.0 g'mole. (A) 2 (B)2 (C)2v2 (D)4 9, Which of the following arrangements from lowest to highest in first ionization energies is correct ? 10. In which of the following compounds obeys the octet rule? a) XeF b) BF, c) CIO d) SO, pone of the preceding choicees 11. The bright spectral lines observed in the emission spectrum of a flame or gas discharge tube are due to a) the absorption of light at specific wavelengths b) the formation of an excited state of atoms the transition of an atom from an excited state to a lower energy state d) the change from anti-parallel to parallel electron spins in an atom oxygen at 25 Â°C. Comparing the pressure of the hydrogen to the exygen, the ratio will be From Bond Dissociation Enthalpies: Î11D (CI-CI)-243 klinolalo (F-F )-159 kJ/mol; Î1lo (CHF)-25 12.A one-liter container is filled with one mole of hydrogen at 25 Â°C.A second one-liter container is filled with or 2CIF(R) alculate the enthalpy, AH, for the chemical reaction: Cl (g)+ F: (g) (a)-147 kJ (b)-108 kJ (c) +171 kJ (d) +912J (H lou, mory t,hes more rapidy wil, hydrogen w many tes more ro

7.
Calculate the percentage, by mass, of fluorine in sulfurhexafluoride (SF6), a potent greenhouse gas.
A) 78.0%
B) 59.2%
C) 22.0%
D) 82.1%
E) 85.7%

8.
Octane (C8H18) is one of the principal components of gasoline. Howmany moles of CO2 are produced during the combustion of 3.0 mol ofoctane?
Unbalanced equation: C8H18 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O
A) 3.0
B) 26
C) 24
D) 8.0
E) 4

9.
How many atoms are present in 0.375 mol of palladium (Pd)atoms?
A) 6.23 x 1021
B) 2.26 x 1023
C) 6.02 x 1023
D) 1.61 x 1024
E) 2.12 x 1021

10.
How many molecules are present in 1.0 kg of hydrogen (H2)gas?
A) 6.0 x 1023
B) 3.0 x 1026
C) 6.0 x 1026
D) 3.0 x 1023
E) 1.7 x 1025

11.
What evidence indicates that the rising atmospheric CO2 levels arecaused by the combustion of fossil fuels?
A) Both the average global temperature and the atmospheric CO2level have risen.
B) The 14C/12C ratio in atmospheric CO2 is unusually low.
C) Increased precipitation in most of the NorthernHemisphere.
D) The 18O/16O ratio in atmospheric CO2 is the same as inatmospheric oxygen.
E) The level of atmospheric moisture has increased.

12.
Heat is a form of
A) Energy
B) Pressure
C) Work
D) Volume
E) Temperature

13.
Oxygenated gasolines
A) Are gasolines that have oxygen gas bubbled through them
B) Contain nitrogen containing compounds
C) Are formulated to contain water
D) Have higher activation energies for combustion than regulargasolines.
E) May contain MTBE or ethanol

14.
A chemical reaction accompanied by a release of energy is calleda/an ______ reaction.
A) exothermic
B) fast
C) activated
D) catalyzed
E) endothermic

15.
The diagram below shows a simplified version of a fractionatingcolumn used in the petroleum industry.

The compounds with the lowest boiling points are condensed atposition

A) C.
B) D.
C) B.
D) A.

16.
Where is most of the carbon on earth stored?
A) in the form of fossil fuels
B) in the deep ocean
C) in the atmosphere
D) in surface water
E) in the forests and soil

17.
Find the molar mass of ethanol, C2H6O.
A) 22.1 g/mol
B) 26.0 g/mol
C) 46.07 g/mol
D) 45.06 g/mol
E) 29.02 g/mol

18.
Determine the shape or geometry of PH3. (Hint: Use the PeriodicTable to arrive at the electron configuration forphosphorous.)
A) trigonal planar
B) linear
C) trigonal pyramidal
D) bent
E) tetrahedral

19.
The energy stored in the chemical bonds of fossil fuels is a formof ______ energy.
A) nuclear
B) potential
C) mechanical
D) kinetic
E) electrical

20.
The heat of combustion of methane, CH4, is 50.1 kJ/g. How much heatwould be generated if 1.00 mol of methane undergoes completecombustion?
A) 50.1 kJ
B) 804 kJ
C) 601 kJ
D) 0.32 kJ
E) 3.12 kJ

21.
Methane is approximately 23 times more powerful than carbon dioxideas a greenhouse gas. Which are significant sources of methaneemissions?
I. The digestive systems of ruminants (cows, sheep, etc.)
II. Automobile exhaust
III. Rice cultivation
IV. Decaying wetland vegetation
A) I and II only
B) I only
C) All of these
D) II only
E) I, III, and IV only

22.
Which atmospheric component does not contribute to globalwarming?
A) CH4
B) CO2
C) CFC
D) N2
E) H2O

23.
What is the effect of infrared energy on matter?
A) It breaks chemical bonds.
B) It excites bonding electrons.
C) It increases molecular rotation.
D) It increases the vibration of chemical bonds.
E) It excites non-bonding electrons.

24.
According to current estimates, the fuel in greatest abundance onearth is
A) natural gas.
B) hydrogen
C) uranium.
D) coal.
E) petroleum.

25.
A gasoline's octane rating is a measure of the
A) purity of the gasoline.
B) energy content of the gasoline.
C) percent of gasoline that contains octane
D) pollutants produced by burning the gasoline in a vehicle'sengine.
E) gasoline's resistance to causing knocking in a vehicle'sengine.

26.
Advertising claims sometimes state that adding something mechanicalto a car's engine will allow it to recover 100% of the energy thatcomes from burning gasoline. You should be skeptical of such claimsbecause they are not consistent with the
A) first law of thermodynamics.
B) energy difference between reactants and products
C) second law of thermodynamics.
D) law of conservation of matter.
E) activation energy requirements of all chemical reactions.

27.
In order to make useful predictions, which factors must beaccounted for by climatic models?
I. Cooling effect of atmospheric aerosols
II. Smoke, haze, and cloud cover
III. Change in land use
IV. Combustion of fossil fuels
A) III and IV only
B) II, III, and IV
C) II and III only
D) I, II, III, and IV
E) IV only

28.
Use the equation to help you calculate the heat of combustion ofethylene, C2H4. The bond energies are: C H 416 kJ/mol; C C 598kJ/mol; O O 498 kJ/mol; C O 803 kJ/mol; H O 467 kJ/mol.

The heat of combustion of ethylene is

A) 1216 kJ/mol.
B) 220 kJ/mol.
C) 1324 kJ/mol.
D) 754 kJ/mol.
E) 242 kJ/mol.

29.
Scientists believe they know the average global temperature overthe last 160,000 years. Which property of the ice core samples fromAntarctica provides this information?
A) the 1H/2H ratio
B) the density of the ice
C) the thickness
D) the temperature
E) the carbon dioxide concentration

30.
(Both the Clinton) and the George W. Bush administrations have beenunwilling to sign the Kyoto Protocol. What has been a stated reasonfor their objection to the treaty?
A) Enforcement of the treaty will be impossible.
B) Lack of conclusive evidence that increased atmospheric CO2 leadsto global warming.
C) The target emission levels are not sufficiently low to affectthe greenhouse effect.
D) The treaty does not include a provision for trading emissionallowances.
E) Developing countries are not required to control greenhouse gasemissions.