ANTH 196 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Spurious Relationship, Dependent And Independent Variables, Testability
Ch. 2: Scientific Method
Three major ways to understand the world: religion, science, philosophy
Science as a process of empirical discovery:
Science seeks a rigorous, systematic, and empirical understanding of the material world
Rigorous ssteati = relies on standards and standardized methodology
Epirial = usig oseratio ad/ or eperiets
Material = pheoea that a e easured, rigorousl pereied, ad grasped
Major Criteria of Science:
Testability: must make testable statements about the phenomena
Cumulative: builds on previous hypotheses and ideas
Fallible: has a eas to dee hpotheses ad preditios rog
Repeatable: must allow others to verify findings
Logical: use inductive/ deductive framework to form hypotheses
Universal: any scientist from any country can do it
Established method: must operate under agreed upon guidelines
Probabilistic/ Quantitative: uses numbers to develop/ support/ reject hypotheses
Empirical: uses data that we can see and verify
Predictive: drawing from a theory, we can state and test what might occur
Hypothesis
Observation Prediction
Verification/ Falsification
Theory: a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the world
Goals of experimental Method: simplify, isolate, compare
1 - Simplify: all things are held constant but one
• Independent variable: is the manipulated factor
• Dependent variable: is measured
2 - Isolate: take a random sample
• Experimental group: group that ingests alcohol
• Control group: group that ingests water
o Independent variable: alcohol/ water ingestion
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Document Summary
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