HIST 102 Midterm: HIST 102 Midterm Study Guide
Black Death
Africa-India-China
• High prices for cotton, silk, and porcelain
• Expensive due to unavailability
• Introduction of monetary system
o Gold and silver coins
• Fairly peaceful for times of rest
• Monsoon winds made trades times favorable
City-states of East Africa
• Interracial marriage
o Swahili
• Arabic and Hindu origins
• Europe had little to no interest
Chinese Visits
• Admiral Zheng He
• Under Ming emperor Yung-lo
o 1413
• Usually individually sailed by private traders
o Appear self-sufficient
• All records destroyed
Arrival of Portuguese
• Goal to establish monopoly over spice trade
• Establish trading post in India
• Control/destroy trading towns in Africa
Americas
• Aztec and Incan empires larger than European population
• Benefits:
o Arrows
o Mocassins
o Canoes
o Maize
• Slash and burn
o Building of small farms
• Southeast: Chiefdoms
Aztec
• Central and southern Mexico
o 1325-1521
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find more resources at oneclass.com
• Excellent agricultural system
• Strong army
• Dominated Turquoise Trail
Codex Mendoza
• Lacked writing system
• Creation myth
o Eagle, Cactus, Lake Texcoco
Tenochtitlan
• Built on natural and artificial islands
• One of the largest cities in the world
• Spiritual and secular center of cosmos
• Pyramids
o Human sacrifice
Society
• Pilli
o Punished more for crimes
• Macehualli
o Common people
• Slaves could buy their freedom
• Women were keepers of the home
o Midwifery
Inca
• Largest empire on earth in 1491
• Included rainforest, desert, and 20,000 ft. peaks
• Large army and well-organized bureaucracy
• Writing system still not deciphered
• Advanced agriculture and roads
o Resilient breeds of crops
• Absolute monarchy
o Sun God
• Domesticated Llama
Cuzco
• Only emperor, royalty, and nobility allowed in city
• Shape of puma
• Civilians allowed in for religious ceremonies only
Beliefs
• Orally transmitted
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find more resources at oneclass.com
• Reincarnation
o Difficult after life passage
• European notion of heaven
• Couldt die as result of urig
• Human sacrifices
o Children
Portuguese-Spanish Explorations
• Advances in sailing and navigation
• Gold, God, Glory
Christopher Columbus
• Professional sailor
• Gain access to riches of East for Isabella and Ferdinand
o Lead crusade to liberate Holy Land
• Treaty of Tordesillas
o Divided world for Spain and Portugal
o West of Canaries to Spain
Hernan Cortes
• Spanish conquistador
• Conquered Aztec in 1521
• Colonize Cuba
• Conversion to Catholicism
• Welcomed into Tenochtitlan
o Sacked city
o Took Montezuma hostage
Malintzin
• Bilingual interpreter and guide
• Mistress of Cortes
• High status
• El Mestizo
o One of the first children of mixed indigenous and Spanish Heritage
Incan
• Smallpox decreased population greatly
• Civil War weakened people
• Quickly overthrown by Spanish
Encomienda System
• to etrust
• conquistadors were given land grants
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Africa-india-china: high prices for cotton, silk, and porcelain, expensive due to unavailability. Introduction of monetary system: gold and silver coins, fairly peaceful for times of rest, monsoon winds made trades times favorable. Interracial marriage: swahili, arabic and hindu origins, europe had little to no interest. Chinese visits: admiral zheng he, under ming emperor yung-lo, 1413, usually individually sailed by private traders, appear self-sufficient, all records destroyed. Arrival of portuguese: goal to establish monopoly over spice trade, establish trading post in india, control/destroy trading towns in africa. Americas: aztec and incan empires larger than european population, benefits, arrows, mocassins, canoes, maize, slash and burn, building of small farms, southeast: chiefdoms. Aztec: central and southern mexico, 1325-1521, excellent agricultural system, strong army, dominated turquoise trail. Codex mendoza: lacked writing system, creation myth, eagle, cactus, lake texcoco. Tenochtitlan: built on natural and artificial islands, one of the largest cities in the world, spiritual and secular center of cosmos, pyramids, human sacrifice.
