HTH 100 Study Guide - Spring 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, Tobacco Smoking
HTH 100
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
HTH 100 Lecture 1
Changing definitions of health
● Absence of disease
● State of complete physical health
● Etc.
Leading causes of death
● Early 1900s: viral/infectious diseases
○ Conditions caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, etc.
● Now: chronic diseases
○ Diseases which develop and slowly progress
Morbidity rate -- incidence of disease
Mortality rate -- proportion of deaths to population
Models of Health:
❖ Medical Model
➢ Based on scientific research
❖ Public Health Model
➢ Also called Ecological Model
➢ More things involved than just your physical nature
■ Where you live
■ Can you afford treatment?
➢ Everyone is unique
Public and Community Health Programs
● Disease Prevention -- designed to keep people from getting sick
○ Vaccinations
● Health Promotion -- educational supports reducing negative health behaviors
Health -- ever-changing process of achieving individual potential in all dimensions of health
Wellness -- Achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions;
optimal health and vitality
Dimensions of Wellness:
● Emotional
● Physical
● Spiritual
● Intellectual
● Occupational
● Environmental
● Social
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Lecture 2
Determinants of Health:
● Biology and genetics
● Individual behavior
● Social factors
○ Living conditions
○ Economic factors
○ The built environment (physical)
○ Pollutants and infectious agents
● Access to quality health services
● Policymaking
● Health disparities
Goals of Healthy People 2020:
● Higher quality of life
● Health equity
● Social and physical environments
Why modify health behaviors?
1. Choosing healthy behaviors will give short-term (immediate) benefits
2. Choosing health now will help bring long-term rewards
More on Models of Behavior Change:
● Health Belief Model
○ Healthy behavior change is more likely if
■ Health problem is serious
■ Perceived benefits
■ Cues to action
■ Health problem poses threat to self
● Social Cognitive Model
○ Role models (modeling) affect a change in behavior
● Transtheoretical/Stages of Change Model
○ 6 stages IN ORDER moving towards change
■ Precontemplation
■ Contemplation
■ Preparation
■ Action
■ Maintenance
■ Termination
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Conditions caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, etc. Mortality rate -- proportion of deaths to population. More things involved than just your physical nature. Disease prevention -- designed to keep people from getting sick. Health promotion -- educational supports reducing negative health behaviors. Health -- ever-changing process of achieving individual potential in all dimensions of health. Wellness -- achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions; optimal health and vitality. Why modify health behaviors: choosing healthy behaviors will give short-term (immediate) benefits, choosing health now will help bring long-term rewards. Healthy behavior change is more likely if. Role models (modeling) affect a change in behavior. 6 stages in order moving towards change. Arousal -- pituitary gland releases acth to cue adrenal glands to release. Hormones cue response in tissues and cells that control body function. Chemical messages and actions of sympathetic nerves cause the release of hormones from endocrine system that trigger physiological changes.
