PSYC 160 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Sq3R, Cultural-Historical Psychology, Oral Stage
Psychology Notes
Video Notes:
00
The idea that all koledge is elated efes to the auisitio, poessig, ad utilizatio aoss all
disciplines.
Psychology – only discipline that addresses human processes (learning, memory) systematically.
Kible’s defiitio of learig:
Leaig is a elatiel peaet hage i ehaioal potetialit that ous as a esult of
eifoed patie.
Analysis:
1. Observable Behavior
- eidee that leaig has/has’t oued
2. Relatively Permanent
- ahieed though epetitio ad the ai’s plastiit
3. Behavioral Potentiality
- success depends on psychomotor readiness
4. Changes w/ Experience
- should occur in the context, format, and domain in which one is learning
5 SQ3R:
• Survey – Chapter summary Outline Diagrams/charts
• Question – 6 Levels: Knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation
• Read – Read manageably relate readings review
• Recite – Same 6 Levels
• Review – Distribute review (series)
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Quiz 1 Review:
Perspectives:
1) Psychodynamic
a. Behavior is motivated by inner forces, memories, and conflicts beyond awareness/control
b. Freud (psychoanalytic) – unconscious forces as determinants of personality
c. Erikson (psychosocial) – 8 stages of developmental change
d. The overweight adult has a fixation in the oral stage (infant)
2) Behavioral
a. Development understood by study of observable behavior and environmental stimuli
b. Watson (classical conditioning) – response to neutral stimulus
c. Skinner (operant condition) – voluntary response strengthened/weakened by association with
positive/negative consequences
d. Bandura (social-cognitive learning) – observing behavior of another person
e. The overweight adult has not been rewarded for good nutrition/exercise habits
3) Cognitive
a. Emphasis on changes/growth in the ways people know, understand, and think about the world
affecting behavior
b. Piaget – people pass through field sequence of universal stages of cognitive dev.
c. The overweight adult has not learned effective ways to stay at a healthy weight and does not
value good nutrition
4) Humanistic
a. Behavior chosen through free will and motivated by natural capacity to strive for full potential
b. Rogers – people have a need for positive regard resulting from underlying wish to be loved
c. Maslow – self-fulfillment as primary life goal
d. The overweight adult may choose to seek optimal weight as part of overall patterns of growth
5) Contextual
a. Deelopet ieed i tes of iteelatioship of a peso’s phsial, ogitie, pesoalit,
and social worlds
b. Bronfenbrenner (bioecological) – Levels of environmental influence
c. Vygotsky (sociocultural theory) – cognitive development proceeds from social interactions
between members of a culture
d. The overweight adult was caused by interrelated factors in physical, cognitive, and social
worlds
6) Evolutionary
a. Behavior as a result of genetic inheritance; traits adaptive (survival of species)
b. Darwin – traits adaptive to environment
c. Lorenz – biological determinants influencing behavior patterns
d. The overweight adult has a genetic tendency toward obesity
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Bioecological Systems:
1) Microsystem
a. Every day, immediate environment
b. Children construct microsystem
c. Level which most traditional work in child development has been directed
2) Mesosystem
a. Binds children to parents, students to teacher, employees to bosses, etc.
b. Direct/indirect influences binding one another together
3) Exosystem
a. Broader range of influences
b. Institutions can have immediate/major impacts
c. Each affects operation of microsystem/mesosystem
4) Macrosystem
a. Larger cultural influences on an individual
5) Chronosystem
a. The a the passage of tie affets hilde’s deelopet
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Document Summary
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