SOCI 2000 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Seminal Vesicle, Hysterectomy, Pre-Ejaculate
Midterm Study Guide – Flatworld – Chapters 1-7
Chapter 1
Sexology
o scientific study of sexuality
Sex and Gender
o Sex = biological, genetic, hormonal, anatomical and functional manifestations of female or
maleness
o Gender = behavioral, social, cultural manifestations of female or maleness
o May use it to refer to biological sex
Identity
o The way people perceive themselves or some aspect of self or how people represent themselves
to others
Patriarchy
o Social structure where power, wealth, property and status are controlled by males
Religion and sex – Sin
o Original sin
o Abrahamic religions, belief in a metaphorical turning away from the divine teaching or literal
corruption of sexual pleasure
o Contributes to negative views of sexual pleasure absent a procreative relationship
Media and internet – effects
Cultivation
o Began in the early 1900s
o Tv = mid 20th
o Internet = late 20th
o Great leveler of information
o Can be used to reinforce traditional cultural values; people with like-minded views can
gather
Agenda setting
o Reflection of the values and attitudes of a culture & serve to shape those attitudes
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o Portrayal of homosexuals were nonexistent in the 1970s
Cultural differences
o Studying cultural differences allow sexologists
Western European cultures – personal freedom
o People typically make choices for themselves
o Independent view of self
o Clear boundaries exist between self-identity and others
African American – role of women; poverty
o Cultural influences can persist for generations
o Blend of heritage and host cultures = bicultural identity (elements of both cultures are
preserved)
o Slavery
o Enslaved women were raped
o Treated as property
o Mothers and fathers sold separately from children
o Required to strip naked so their genitalia was exposed at auctions
o Forcing sexual promiscuity and raping females served as a method to increase wealth
rapidly
o Female headed families due to the selling of the males
o Jim Crow
o Males are incarcerated at a higher rate
o Higher rates of poverty & diseases, teenage pregnancy etc.
Eastern European - male domination
o Soviet expansion brought communism throughout eastern Europe
o Created university education and professional training for women
o Women were considered equals with men
o Soviet society still remained relatively male dominated = politics
Hispanic cultures: Machismo, marianismo
o People in poorer and more rural areas have traditional gender roles associated with machismo
o Machismo = role in men defending honor, protecting and providing for family, being able to
conceive children etc.
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Asian: Communism; collectivism
o China is the largest & most populous
o Majority = han Chinese culture
o Confusicus = liberal attitude to sexuality
o Yin and yang being balance of forces
▪ Complements of one another
o Sexual pleasure was positive because it promoted harmony
o Sexuality as part of the natural order, balance between yin and yang
o Communist party still remaining in political power
Middle eastern: Religion – conservastism
o Islam practiced with more liberal interpretation
o Sexual conservatism = dress code etc.
Native Americans – two spirit
o Yin & yang?
Sex positive and sex negative cultures
o Positive = cultures and attitudes view sexual pleasure as a positive part of human experience, to
be enjoyed for its own sake
o Negative = cultures and attitudes that view sexual pleasure as only being appropriate if
expressed in certain contexts or for certain purposes and that view sexual activity outside of
these contexts as being inferior or wrong
Chapter 2
Sexual arousal
o Erotic or sensual
o Erotic = that which enhances or creates a sexual desire and/or arousal
o Sensual = qualities which are intensely engaging, particularly of the physical senses
o Not necessarily sexual
o Can refer to taste, smells, feelings, sounds of sexual encounters
Masturbation
o Atio of touhig oe’s geitalia or a parter’s geitalia for sexual pleasure
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