BIOL 1201 : Biol 1201 Final Exam Material
Document Summary
Receive messenger from both local and distant sources: the messengers are chemical signals. Respond to the signal through a change in the metabolic processes of the cell: synthesis of proteins. Extracellular signal is amplified within the cell via a signaling cascade. Paracrine: diffusion of first messengers over short distance between cells. Synaptic: chemical signals from nerve axon diffuse across synapse to another nerve cell or a muscle cell. The extracellular first messenger is transduced into an intracellular chemical messenger: second messenger. May involve a receptor that is in the plasma membrane: an integral protein. May involve an intracellular receptor: steroid hormone receptors. G protein coupled signaling important class of signaling complexes. More than 1000 different receptors in mammals. Coupling = receptor interacts with the g proteins. 2012 lefkowitz and koblika received nobel prize for studies f g protein receptors. How many different types of g protein coupled receptors are there in a mammal: 1000.
