BIOL 1201 : Cumulative Review

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azuremammoth471

15 Mar 2019

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Document Summary

Elements cannot be broken down to other substances. A compound contains two or more elements in a fixed ratio. Life requires about 25 chemical elements carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen make up approximately 96% of living matter. Atomic structure determines the behavior of an element. An atom is the smallest unit of an element. An atom has a nucleus made up of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons, as well as a surrounding cloud of negatively charged electrons. The number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom equals the number of protons. Most elements have two or more isotopes, different in neutron number and therefore mass. Some isotopes are unstable and give off particles and energy as radioactivity. Electron configuration determines the chemical behavior of an atom. Electrons occupy specific energy levels, or shells, of the atom. Chemical behavior depends on the number of valence electrons, those in the outermost shell. An atom with an incomplete valence shell is reactive.

Related Questions

5. ______ is the basic unit of all elements of a matter.
6. An atom that contains fewer electrons than protons is said to be _______ charge.
7. A particle that contains more electrons than protons is ______ charge.
8. If an atom contains equal numbers of electrons and protons, the atoms are described as _______.

a. atom b. electrically neutral

c. electron d. negatively

e. neutron f. nucleus

g. positively h. proton

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ATOMIC STRUCTURE

1. A neutral oxygen atom (atomic number = 8) has 8 electronslocated in 2 different electron orbitals. TrueFalse

2. Hydrogen has only one neutron and no protons in itsnucleus. TrueFalse
3. An atom consists of a central nucleus surrounded by electronsthat are in constant motion. TrueFalse
4. Almost all of the mass of an atom is concentrated in itselectrons. TrueFalse
5. The orbital of an electron is the volume of space where theelectron is most likely to be found. TrueFalse
6. Almost all of the volume of an atom is emptyspace. TrueFalse
7. The reactivity or chemical behavior of an atom depends primarilyon the number of neutrons it has. TrueFalse
8. Modern physics indicates that we cannot determine the exactlocation of a particular electron at any giventime. TrueFalse
9. Electrons are maintained in their orbitals by their attractionto the positively charged nucleus. TrueFalse
10. Atomic orbitals represent probability distributions forelectrons and come in a variety of shapes. TrueFalse

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1. (TCO 1) Control subjects in a double-blindtest of a new drug are (Points : 4) informed of what drug they aregetting.
informed of what drug they aregetting but their private physicians are not.
given larger doses of thedrug.
infected with a differentdisease than the experimental subjects.
not given the experimentaldrug but are otherwise treated the same as the experimentalsubjects.

Question 2. 2. (TCO 1) My dog will eat more ofher food when I pour bacon grease over the food before I give it toher. This is an example of a(n) _____. (Points : 4)

observation
hypothesis
experiment
theory
All of the above

Question 3. 3. (TCO 1) Deductive reasoning isused to make _____ based on a hypothesis. (Points : 4)

data
theories
statistical tests
correlations
predictions

Question 4. 4. (TCO 2) Which of the followingstatements about the periodic table is incorrect? (Points : 4)

A period is a horizontal rowon the periodic table.
A group is a column on theperiodic table.
The elements in each periodhave similar chemical properties.
The A groups contain therepresentative elements.
The B groups contain thetransition elements.

Question 5. 5. (TCO 2) How do you find themass number of an atom? (Points : 4)

Add up the number of protons,electrons, and neutrons in the atom.
Add up the number of protonsand neutrons in the atom.
It is equal to the number ofprotons in the atom.
It is equal to the number ofneutrons in the atom.
Find the net electrical chargeof the atom.

Question 6. 6. (TCO 2) An isotope of potassiumhas a mass number of 39. How many neutrons are present in thisisotope? (Points : 4)

19
20
24
44
58

Question 7. 7. (TCO 2) Which particles arefound in the nucleus of an atom? (Points : 4)

Only neutrons
Protons and electrons
Protons and neutrons
Only electrons
Only protons