BIOL 1202 : Note Swap Biol Exam 3
Document Summary
Viroids: even simpler and smaller than viruses, hijack cells: infects primarily plant cells including citrus trees, fragments of single-stranded rna with no potatoes, avocados. 14,000 species described, may be 100-1000x that number. 1st organisms to appear on earth, 3. 5 billion years ago. Cell wall=semi-rigid, permeable, made of peptidoglycan (carb with amino acids attached). Shapes: bacilli (rod-shaped), cocci (spherical), spirilla (spiral: capsules and slime layers. Slime layer=less organized, loosely attached to cell wall. Pilli=hair-like structures on surface of bacteria which aid in attachment. Endospores= protective resting structure bacteria surrounded by durable cell wall. Reproduction: asexual in the form of binary fission, *bacteria do not do mitosis or meiosis during this. Energy sources: autotrophs using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, all living things produce atp, heterotrophs including symbiotes. Diseases: antiobiotic resistance, 70% of bacterial infections contracted in hospitals are resistant to at least 1 antibiotic. Similar to bacteria in many respects: single celled, prokaryotes, small size.
