BIOL 2160 : Exam 1
Document Summary
How a molecule is shaped determines the job that it does. Levels of physiological organization: molecules (atp, water, neurotransmitter receptors, cells (neurons, epithelial cells, tissue (nervous tissue, muscle tissue, organs (heart, liver, organ systems (cardiovascular, gastrointestinal) The four major cell/tissue types: neurons/ nervous tissue (motor neurons, cortical interneurons, etc. ). Specialized for sending and receiving information: muscle cells/ muscle tissue (cardiac myocytes skeletal muscle, etc. ) specialized for contraction. Muscle cells use more energy than normal cells because the act of contraction requires more energy: epithelial cells/ epithelial tissue (intestinal epithelial cells, etc. Found on organs, glands and lining body cavities: connective tissue cells (bone cells, blood cells, fat cells, etc. ) characterized by very few cells and lots of extracellular materials. (ligaments, tendons) Involves: returning internal conditions to a set point , a negative feedback loop helps return internal conditions to a set point when they deviate too far outside of an acceptable range.
