🏷️ LIMITED TIME OFFER: GET 20% OFF GRADE+ YEARLY SUBSCRIPTION →
Log in
HomeStudy Guides420,000US230,000

BIOL 101 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Thylakoid, Light-Dependent Reactions, Autotroph

63 views4 pages
blackcaribou209
15 Dec 2016
School
LUC
Department
Biology
Course
BIOL 101
Professor
Dionne Helfgott

For unlimited access to Study Guides, a Grade+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

What is photosynthesis and why is it important: production of glucose (redox process with co2 reduced to glucose) and energy for plants. What are autotrophs and heterotrophs: autotrophs: producers of the biosphere, heterotrophs: consumers of the biosphere. Understand the parts of a leaf, and where gas exchange takes place (see fig. Where do they come from, and how are they used by the leaf: stomata, co2 (in/input for photosynthesis) and o2 (out/waste product) Understand the parts of a chloroplast and where the phases of photosynthesis takes place inside the structure: light reactions: thylakoid membrane, chemiosmotic gradient: thylakoid space (across thylakoid membrane, calvin cycle: stroma. What is water used for during photosynthesis (see text and figs. Understand the overview of photosynthesis (see text and figs. What comes in what goes out and most importantly why/how: light reactions: Output: o2, atp, nadph: calvin cycle: The initial incorporation of carbon from co2 into an organic compound by an autotrophic organism: takes place: stroma.

Get access

Grade+20% off
$8 USD/m$10 USD/m
Billed $96 USD annually
Grade+
Homework Help
Study Guides
Textbook Solutions
Class Notes
Textbook Notes
Booster Class
40 Verified Answers

Related Documents

BIOL 101 Chapter Notes - Chapter 10.1-10.2: Accessory Pigment, Photosynthetic Pigment, Electromagnetic Spectrum
coraltiger248
01:119:115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Leaf, Hydrogen Sulfide, Photosynthetic Pigment
rubysalmon273
BIOL 1107 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Thylakoid, Leaf, Photosynthetic Pigment
blacktiger159

Related Questions

The complete set of reactions carried out by an organism is called:

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 2

The breakdown of starch is broken down to glucose is an example of:

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 3

For the following statement, determine which description best describes the process: DNA is synthesized from free nucleotides.

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 4

Fill in the blank: Catabolic reactions result in the synthesis of molecules of .............via cellular respiration. This is then used to power anabolic reactions.

Value: 5

The energy in organic molecules is released in a series of steps because:

a. it is not possible to release it in a single step.

b. more total energy is released in multiple steps than would be released in a single step

c. less total energy is released in multiple steps than would be released in a single step.

d. more energy can be harvested for cellular use in multiple steps than from a single step.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

photosynthesis

1-The light reaction of photosynthesis does not include

a. chemiosmosis

b. oxygen liberation

c. glucose synthesis

d. electron transport

Value: 2

Photosynthesis takes place in the membranes of small sacs called

a. thylakoids

b. photosystems

c. stroma

d. photons

Value: 3

During what stage of photosynthesis is O2 produced?

a. the light-dependent reactions involving photosystems I and II

b. carbon fixation

c. the Krebs cycle

d. O2 is not produced during photosynthesis

Value: 4

The pigment molecules responsible for photosynthesis are located in the

a. mitochondria

b. cytoplasm of the cell

c. stroma of the chloroplast

d. thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast

Value: 5

During what stage of photosynthesis are ATP and NADPH converted to ADP + Pi and NADP+?

a. the light-dependent reactions

b. the light-independent reactions

c. both of the above

d. none of the above

Value: 6

What energy-rich organic compound is produced as a result of the Calvin cycle?

a. ATP

b. NADPH

c. glucose

d. H2O

Value: 7

During photosynthesis, photons raise electrons to higher energy levels. These excited electrons belong to what compound?

a. water

b. ATP

c. chlorophyll

d. electron transport chain

Value: 8

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

a. photosynthesis occurs only in autotrophs; cellular respiration occurs only in heterotrophs

b. photosynthesis uses solar energy to convert inorganics to energy-rich organics; respiration breaks down energy-rich organics to synthesize ATP

c. photosynthesis involves the oxidation of glucose; respiration involves the reduction of CO2

d. the primary function of photosynthesis is to use solar energy to synthesize ATP; the primary function of cellular respiration is to break down ATP and release energy


Photosynthesis Lab Report

  1. Plant Structure and Function

  1. Through the process called __________ plants convert lightenergy into

__________ energy. Record your answerbelow.

  1. In which structure of the plant does photosynthesis occur?

  1. What is the difference between xylem and phloem?

  1. Based on lab, Exercise 1, what is the name and function of thestructure labeled with the letter “H”?

  1. Chloroplast
  1. Based on Lab, Exercise 2, draw and label each part of thechloroplast. Sign, date and prepare an image of your drawing andinclude it with this lab report.

  1. What part of the process of photosynthesis occurs in thethylakoid compartment?

  1. What is the name and function of the structure labeled with theletter “E” in Exercise 2?

  1. Photosynthetic Products

  1. What are the three products of photosynthesis?

  1. What happens to the glucose that is not metabolizedimmediately?

  1. In the test for starch, which tube demonstrated a positive testfor starch? How do you know?

  1. Based on Lab, Exercise 3 explain why part of the leaf was amberin color.

  1. Light Absorption
  1. What pigment is used by plants to absorb light?

  1. In the video demonstration in Exercise 4 what happens to thelight spectrum when a green filter is placed in front of the lightsource?

  1. In step 3 of Exercise 4, which color was not absorbed by thespinach pigments?

  1. Photosynthetic Pigments
  1. What process is used in Exercise 5 to separate the plantpigments?

  1. Look at the chromatogram results in Exercise 5. What color isreflected by chlorophyll a?
  1. Which pigment reflected an orange color?

VI. Effect of Light and Temperature onPhotosynthesis

  1. What was the conclusion of Blackman’s first experiment on theeffect of light on photosynthesis?
  1. In his second experiment, what effect did increasingtemperature have on the rate of photosynthesis?

  1. Record the data from Exercise 6 below.

Lamp Distance

Temperature

Ave Bubble/min

75 cm

50 cm

25 cm

  1. In the experiment in Exercise 6, what conclusion can be drawnabout the effect of light and temperature on rate ofphotosynthesis?

Summary Questions

  1. Why do heterotrophs depend on autotrophs?

  1. Name two reactants necessary for photosynthesis to occur.

  1. How would the process of photosynthesis be affected if a planthad no stomata?
  1. What tool is used to separate white light into differentwavelengths of color?

  1. Explain why we see the color green on the leaves ofplants.

  1. What color is absorbed the least by the petals on asunflower?

  1. Photosynthesis consists of two phases. Which phase would beleast affected by living in an area where there are shorter daysand long periods of darkness?

  1. How could air pollution affect food production and the priceyou pay for food at the supermarket?

Microbiology Unit 2 Applied and Environmental Assignment Part 1: Identify Nutritional requirements from Chapter 6&14 (and review from chapters 1 & 2) 1. Determine which of the 4 macromolecules require the following elements: a. Carbon: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___ b. Nitrogen: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___ c. Sulfur: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___ 2. The essential elements mentioned above are cycled through cells and the earth in biogeochemical cycles (the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles.)Select the correct answer or fill in the blanks to summarize these cycles: a. Carbon dioxide is taken in from the atmosphere by [autotrophs/heterotrophs] and converted to glucose through carbon ________________. When heterotrophs eat autotrophs they use catabolism to break down glucose to make ATP and waste carbon is released as ___________. b. There is plenty of nitrogen available in the atmosphere but it is not accessible to organisms because it is in the form of Nitrogen gas (N2). N2 is fixed by [bacteria/plants/animals] and converted to ammonia (NH3.) NH3 can be used by [bacteria/plants/animals] to build their cells. Next, by consuming food with amino acids,[bacteria/plants/animals] can get access to nitrogen for their own cellular needs. c. There is also a good quantity of sulfur in dirt, rocks, and the atmosphere. Sulfur cycles between H2S => S0 => SO4 => SH groups in Proteins => back to H2S.Using _________________ respiration, anoxygenic photosynthesis, and chemolithoautotrophy [bacteria/plants/animals]convert H2S and S0 to SO4 which is taken in by [bacteria/plants/animals] and used to build their cells. When [bacteria/plants/animals]eat plants they take in essential amino acids containing sulfur and recycle these to make their proteins. d. _________________ break down waste and dead organisms and recycle nutrients back into the cycles. *The C and N are summarized here: https://youtu.be/2D7hZpIYlCA and https://youtu.be/leHy-Y_8nRs 3. Match the main metabolic classifications to the description: Classifications: photoautotroph/ photoheterotroph/ chemoautotroph/ chemoheterotroph o A microbe that makes its own food by taking carbon from CO2 in the atmosphere and its energy from sunlight o A microbe that makes its own food by taking carbon from CO2 in the atmosphere and its energy from reduced inorganic chemicals o A microbe that eats other organisms to get organic carbon and energy o A microbe that eats other organisms to get organic carbon but gets energy from sunlight 4. Identify the phases of the bacterial growth curve and define what occurs in each phase Phase A = ______________ Definition: Phase B = ______________ Definition: Phase C = ______________ Definition: Phase D = ______________ Definition: Part 2: Unique ecosystems containing microbes 5. Watch the video that shows hydrothermal vents: https://youtu.be/RO3nO98gH_M a. Describe bacteria that live at the vents using terms from the unit 2 reading guide: ________________________________________________________________________ b. Write a 2-3 sentence reflection about hydrothermal vents and the contribution of microbes to this ecosystem: 6. Apply what you have learned to the TED-Ed video about Biofilms: https://youtu.be/pHLP5CZMnL4 a. Give the terms for cell structures mentioned in the video that we learned in Chapter 4 and 7: i. “sticky appendages” thatallows bacteria to attach and begin the biofilm: _______________ ii. Extracellular matrix/gooey matrix that holds cells together: ____________________________ iii. Exchange genetic information while packed together: ____________________________ iv. Communicate with each other by _________________________________________ sensing. v. Produce chemical to kill microbial competitors: ____________________________ factor.