COM 439 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Kims, Human Nature, Masculinity
27 May 2018
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Exam #1
25 multiple choice questions
• Hall’s contributions to intercultural communication
o Introduced the notion of proxemics/nonverbal communication
o Proxemics: the study of how people use personal space
o Four distance zones
▪ Intimate
▪ Personal
▪ Social
▪ Public
o Different cultures respond to space differently
o People know which distance to use depending on the situation
• Social Scientific (Functional)
o Theoreticians
▪ Gudy Kunst
• Individual vs Collective culture
o Individual: focuses on a single person
o Collective: focuses on the group
• AUM (Anxiety Uncertainty Model/Management)
o What do you do to reduce anxiety or uncertainty?
▪ Ting-Toomey
• Face Negotiation Theory
o Face saving strategies are culturally based
o Face favorable sense of self
o The need to save face is stronger in a collective culture
▪ Kims
• Conversational Constraints
o Why do people make certain conversation choices?
1. Clarity
2. Consideration
3. Minimize imposition
4. Negative evaluations
5. Effectiveness
▪ Rogers
• Diffusion of Innovations
o Adopt new technology
o Opinion leaders
▪ Brislin
• Translation equivalence
o To solve context problem
o Methods and various approaches
▪ Communication accommodation theory
• We adjust our communication to facilitate others
▪ Experiments
▪ Surveys
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▪ Quantitative methods
▪ Numbers
▪ Relationships between variables
o Limitations
o Goals
▪ Identify and explain cultural variations
o Misc.
▪ Reality, culture, and behavior are predictable
▪ Communication is influenced by culture
▪ Does not consider context of cultural differences
▪ Culture is a variable
▪ Psychology
▪ Predictable external reality
▪ Culture is learned and shared through patterns of perception
▪ Culture influences communication
▪ Predict behavior
• Critical
o Theoreticians
▪
o Methods and various approaches
▪ Textual analyses of the media
▪ Pop culture
o Limitations
▪ Limited empirical data
o Goals
▪ Change behavior
o Aims
▪ Change behavior
o Misc.
▪ Culture is heterogeneous and dynamic site of contested meanings
▪ Different people think of different things differently
▪ Change behavior
▪ Reality is subjective
▪ Culture is the site of a power struggle
▪ Recognize political and economic forces in culture
▪ Power characterizes interactions
▪ Those who are in power want to remain, those who aren’t want to
challenge the system
▪ Critical differs from interpretive by focusing on macrocontexts
• Interpretive
o Theoreticians
▪ Hecht
• Theory of identity
o Communication is a process and identities emerge through
relations with others
o 4 identity frames
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
