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HRT 100 Study Guide - Final Guide: Sunburn, Succulent Plant, Stoma

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School
MSU
Department
Horticulture
Course
HRT 100
Professor
N.Lownds

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Document Summary

When a plant reaches light saturation point, there is no longer an increase in photosynthesis and plant growth with increases in light intensity. The rest of the sunlight would convert into heat. If the temperature is too high, some of the cells in the plant would die and won"t be recovered. Co2 saturation point for photosynthesis: concentration of co2 where photosynthesis reaches maximum. There is no longer an increase in photosynthesis and plant growth with increases in co2 concentration. When co2 saturation point is met by a plant, the rest of co2 has no affect on the plant: you have a shade plant that has been growing in the shade and is moved into full sunlight. This plant won"t adapt to the strong light intensity. It will get serious sunburn or even die in the end. There is no way for it to survive in full sunlight. Explain what these plants do to grow under harsh desert conditions.

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Related Questions

You need to

use outside sources (i.e., Internet, journal articles, other texts, etc.) to complete this assignment. Any additional research should be cited in APA format, and listed at the end of the assignment.

Tutorial: http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/science_up_close/512/deploy/interface.html Watch and listen to the tutorial found in the link above. Fill in the following answers as you watch. Stop and replay anything you don’t understand – this is a complicated topic!

1. Plants use photosynthesis to make __________________ for the plant.

2. What do plants need in order to perform photosynthesis?

3. How is the plant able to obtain each “ingredient?”

4. Identify the plant cell organelle in which photosynthesis takes place.

5. Summarize the process of photosynthesis. Water and carbon enter the chloroplast…..

6. What happens to the oxygen that is produced as a result of photosynthesis?

7. Why is photosynthesis also important for people and animals?

Virtual Lab #1 - http://www.reading.ac.uk/virtualexperiments/ves/preloader-photosynthesis-full.html

Bubbles are given off by the plant through photosynthesis. By measuring the rate at which the bubbles are produced it is possible to tell how fast the plant is photosynthesizing. Read and follow the directions on how to use this lab simulator. Press start and record the bubbles per minute for each of the following light distances.

Then graph your data (be sure to label each axis)!

Distance (cm) Bubbles per minute

100 Y axis

120 i

150

180

200 X Axis

8. Based on your data, draw a conclusion regarding how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis. Virtual Lab #2 - http://www.kscience.co.uk/animations/photolab.swf

In this lab, you will be experimenting with how different variables affect the rate of photosynthesis.

9. Set the thermometer to 25°C (Room Temperature) and the light intensity to 20.

a. What were the bubbles per minute at this setting? ______ bpm

b. Now increase the CO2 available to the elodea. What were your bubbles per minute? ______ bpm

c. Based on your data, how does the amount of available CO2 affect the rate of photosynthesis?

10. Keep your settings from 9c (25°C, light intensity of 20, increased CO2).

a. What were the bubbles per minute at this setting? ______ bpm

b. Now increase the temperature to 40°C. What were your bubbles per minute? ______ bpm

c. Based on your data, how does an increase in temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?

11. Return to your settings from 9c (25°C, light intensity of 20, increased CO2).

a. What were the bubbles per minute at this setting? ______ bpm

b. Now decrease the temperature to 10°C. What were your bubbles per minute? ______ bpm

c. Based on your data, how does a decrease in temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis.

12. Alter the variables in order to determine which combination leads to the highest rate of photosynthesis. Which combination of settings produced the highest number of bubbles per minute? a. Temperature: ________

b. Light: ________

c. CO2: ________

Photosynthesis Tutorial: http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/photosynth/overview.html

Use this site to answer questions about photosynthesis.

13. In the blank portion of this paper, draw the picture which shows the overall process of photosynthesis.

14. Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis.

15. Photosynthesis converts _________________ energy into the ____________________ energy of sugars and other organic compounds.

Photosynthesis Lab Report

  1. Plant Structure and Function

  1. Through the process called __________ plants convert lightenergy into

__________ energy. Record your answerbelow.

  1. In which structure of the plant does photosynthesis occur?

  1. What is the difference between xylem and phloem?

  1. Based on lab, Exercise 1, what is the name and function of thestructure labeled with the letter “H”?

  1. Chloroplast
  1. Based on Lab, Exercise 2, draw and label each part of thechloroplast. Sign, date and prepare an image of your drawing andinclude it with this lab report.

  1. What part of the process of photosynthesis occurs in thethylakoid compartment?

  1. What is the name and function of the structure labeled with theletter “E” in Exercise 2?

  1. Photosynthetic Products

  1. What are the three products of photosynthesis?

  1. What happens to the glucose that is not metabolizedimmediately?

  1. In the test for starch, which tube demonstrated a positive testfor starch? How do you know?

  1. Based on Lab, Exercise 3 explain why part of the leaf was amberin color.

  1. Light Absorption
  1. What pigment is used by plants to absorb light?

  1. In the video demonstration in Exercise 4 what happens to thelight spectrum when a green filter is placed in front of the lightsource?

  1. In step 3 of Exercise 4, which color was not absorbed by thespinach pigments?

  1. Photosynthetic Pigments
  1. What process is used in Exercise 5 to separate the plantpigments?

  1. Look at the chromatogram results in Exercise 5. What color isreflected by chlorophyll a?
  1. Which pigment reflected an orange color?

VI. Effect of Light and Temperature onPhotosynthesis

  1. What was the conclusion of Blackman’s first experiment on theeffect of light on photosynthesis?
  1. In his second experiment, what effect did increasingtemperature have on the rate of photosynthesis?

  1. Record the data from Exercise 6 below.

Lamp Distance

Temperature

Ave Bubble/min

75 cm

50 cm

25 cm

  1. In the experiment in Exercise 6, what conclusion can be drawnabout the effect of light and temperature on rate ofphotosynthesis?

Summary Questions

  1. Why do heterotrophs depend on autotrophs?

  1. Name two reactants necessary for photosynthesis to occur.

  1. How would the process of photosynthesis be affected if a planthad no stomata?
  1. What tool is used to separate white light into differentwavelengths of color?

  1. Explain why we see the color green on the leaves ofplants.

  1. What color is absorbed the least by the petals on asunflower?

  1. Photosynthesis consists of two phases. Which phase would beleast affected by living in an area where there are shorter daysand long periods of darkness?

  1. How could air pollution affect food production and the priceyou pay for food at the supermarket?

1. (1 point) What might be damaged by ionizing radiation? * paper soft tissue wood lead

2. (1 point) When an atom emits an beta particle, what is the change in the atomic number? * no change decrease by 1 decrease by 2 increase by 1 increase by 2

3. (1 point) What is the change in atomic mass caused by the emission of gamma radiation? * no change decrease by 1 decrease by 2 increase by 1 increase by 2

4. (1 point) Which of the following materials would effectively stop gamma radiation? * one foot of concrete single sheet of paper thin pieces of wood three inches of lead

5. (1 point) When the ratio of neutron-to-proton dictates that a neutron must break down it will form _________. * A helium nucleus An alpha particle A proton and an electron Two protons

6. (1 point) What determines the type of decay if a nucleus falls outside the band of stability? * the ratio of alpha particles to beta particles the ratio of beta particles to alpha particles the ratio of neutrons to protons the ratio of protons to neutrons

7. (1 point) A positron is emitted when ____________. * an alpha particle forms a beta particle forms proton converts to a neutron neutron converts to a proton

8. (1 point) How does an atom with too few neutrons relative to protons undergo radioactive decay? * by converting proton to a neutron by converting a neutron to a proton by emitting an alpha particle by emitting a beta particle

9. (1 point) How much of the original sample would remain after two half lives have past? * There would be nothing of the original left There would be half of the original sample still there There would be one quarter of the sample still present There would only be one eighth of the original sample still present

10. (1 point) What is the approximate half life of carbon- 14? * hundreds of years thousands of years million of years billion of years

11. (1 point) A reaction where a heavier nucleus splits into smaller nuclei is called ___________. * a chemical reaction background radiation fission fusion

12. (1 point) __________ and ___________ are used as moderators to capture neutrons in a nuclear reactor. * Cadmium and other metal Carbon and water Liquid sodium and water Plutonium and neptunium

13. (1 point) For a person working in a place where they might be exposed to radiation a _________ is routinely used to check their exposure. * film badge Geiger counter moderating rod scintillation counter

14. (1 point) Radioisotopes are used to do all of the following except __________. * analyze matter. diagnose medical problems. improve the flavor of food. treat diseases. study plant growth. Open response questions: Answer the following with complete sentences or if math is involve show the work

15. (3 point) The radioisotope radon-222 has a half-life of 3.8 days. How much of a 198.6 g sample of radon -222 would be left after approximately 23 days? ( Show your work) * Your answer

16. (3 point) How can an element be artificially transmuted? Give an example that has an element and what it is transmuted into. * Your answer

17. (4 point) Why does the mass and charge of an alpha particle make it less penetrating than a beta or gamma? Discuss both the mass and the charge(2 points each). *